hibernate中的缓存机制

public class Client
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().openSession();
        Transaction tx = null;
        try
        {
            /*开启一个事务*/
            tx = session.beginTransaction();
            /*从数据库中获取id="402881e534fa5a440134fa5a45340002"的Customer对象*/
            Customer customer1 = (Customer)session.get(Customer.class, "402881e534fa5a440134fa5a45340002");
            System.out.println("customer.getUsername is"+customer1.getUsername());
            /*事务提交*/
            tx.commit();
            
            System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
            
            /*开启一个新事务*/
            tx = session.beginTransaction();
            /*从数据库中获取id="402881e534fa5a440134fa5a45340002"的Customer对象*/
            Customer customer2 = (Customer)session.get(Customer.class, "402881e534fa5a440134fa5a45340002");
            System.out.println("customer2.getUsername is"+customer2.getUsername());
            /*事务提交*/
            tx.commit();
            
            System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
            
            /*比较两个get()方法获取的对象是否是同一个对象*/
            System.out.println("customer1 == customer2 result is "+(customer1==customer2));
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            if(tx!=null)
            {
                tx.rollback();
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            session.close();
        }
    }
}

结果
Hibernate: 
    select
        customer0_.id as id0_0_,
        customer0_.username as username0_0_,
        customer0_.balance as balance0_0_ 
    from
        customer customer0_ 
    where
        customer0_.id=?
customer.getUsername islisi
-------------------------------------
customer2.getUsername islisi
-------------------------------------
customer1 == customer2 result is true

<!-- EHCache的配置,hibernate.cfg.xml --> 
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
       <!-- 设置二级缓存插件EHCache的Provider类-->
       <property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class">
          org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
       </property>
       <!-- 启动"查询缓存" -->
       <property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">
          true
       </property>
    </session-factory>
  </hibernate-configuration>

<!-- ehcache.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <ehcache>     
<!--  缓存到硬盘的路径  -->    
 <diskStore path="d:/ehcache"></diskStore>   
  <!--         默认设置         
      maxElementsInMemory : 在內存中最大緩存的对象数量。   
      eternal : 缓存的对象是否永远不变。        
      timeToIdleSeconds ：可以操作对象的时间。     
      timeToLiveSeconds ：缓存中对象的生命周期，时间到后查询数据会从数据库中读取。    
      overflowToDisk ：内存满了，是否要缓存到硬盘。     --> 

    <defaultCache maxElementsInMemory="200" eternal="false"    
      timeToIdleSeconds="50" timeToLiveSeconds="60" overflowToDisk="true"></defaultCache>   
  <!--   指定缓存的对象。下面出现的的属性覆盖上面出现的，没出现的继承上面的。  -->   
  <cache name="com.suxiaolei.hibernate.pojos.Order" maxElementsInMemory="200" eternal="false"    
      timeToIdleSeconds="50" timeToLiveSeconds="60" overflowToDisk="true"></cache> </ehcache>

<!-- *.hbm.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding=‘UTF-8‘?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
 "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping>
   <class>
       <!-- 设置该持久化类的二级缓存并发访问策略 read-only read-write nonstrict-read-write transactional-->
       <cache usage="read-write"/>    
   </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

<hibernate-mapping>
        <class name="com.suxiaolei.hibernate.pojos.Customer" table="customer">
            <!-- 主键设置 -->
            <id name="id" type="string">
                <column name="id"></column>
                <generator class="uuid"></generator>
            </id>
            
            <!-- 属性设置 -->
            <property name="username" column="username" type="string"></property>
            <property name="balance" column="balance" type="integer"></property>
            
            <set name="orders" inverse="true" cascade="all" lazy="false" fetch="join">
                <cache usage="read-only"/>
                <key column="customer_id" ></key>
                <one-to-many class="com.suxiaolei.hibernate.pojos.Order"/>
            </set>
            
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

@Entity
@Table(name="t_student")
@Cache(usage=CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_ONLY)　　//　　表示开启二级缓存，并使用read-only策略
public class Student
{
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private Classroom room;
    .......
}

　　@Test
    public void testCache2()
    {
        Session session = null;
        try
        {
            session = HibernateUtil.openSession();

            /**
             * 注意：二级缓存中缓存的仅仅是对象，而下面这里只保存了姓名和性别两个字段，所以 不会被加载到二级缓存里面
             */
            List<Object[]> ls = (List<Object[]>) session
                    .createQuery("select stu.name, stu.sex from Student stu")
                    .setFirstResult(0).setMaxResults(30).list();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally
        {
            HibernateUtil.close(session);
        }
        try
        {
            /**
             * 由于二级缓存缓存的是对象，所以此时会发出两条sql
             */
            session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
            Student stu = (Student) session.load(Student.class, 1);
            System.out.println(stu);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

Hibernate: select student0_.name as col_0_0_, student0_.sex as col_1_0_ from t_student student0_ limit ?
Hibernate: select student0_.id as id2_2_, student0_.name as name2_2_, student0_.sex as sex2_2_, student0_.rid as rid2_2_, classroom1_.id as id1_0_, classroom1_.name as name1_0_, classroom1_.sid as sid1_0_, special2_.id as id0_1_, special2_.name as name0_1_, special2_.type as type0_1_ from t_student student0_ left outer join t_classroom classroom1_ on student0_.rid=classroom1_.id left outer join t_special special2_ on classroom1_.sid=special2_.id where student0_.id=?

　　@Test
    public void testCache4()
    {
        Session session = null;
        try
        {
            session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
            List<Student> ls = session.createQuery("from Student")
                    .setFirstResult(0).setMaxResults(50).list();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally
        {
            HibernateUtil.close(session);
        }
        try
        {
            /**
             * 使用List会发出两条一模一样的sql，此时如果希望不发sql就需要使用查询缓存
             */
            session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
            List<Student> ls = session.createQuery("from Student")
                    .setFirstResult(0).setMaxResults(50).list();
            Iterator<Student> stu = ls.iterator();
            for(;stu.hasNext();)
            {
                Student student = stu.next();
                System.out.println(student.getName());
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally
        {
            HibernateUtil.close(session);
        }
    }

Hibernate: select student0_.id as id2_, student0_.name as name2_, student0_.sex as sex2_, student0_.rid as rid2_ from t_student student0_ limit ?
Hibernate: select student0_.id as id2_, student0_.name as name2_, student0_.sex as sex2_, student0_.rid as rid2_ from t_student student0_ limit ?

　　　　　<!-- 开启查询缓存 -->
        <property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</property>

List<Student> ls = session.createQuery("from Student where name like ?")
                    .setCacheable(true)　　//开启查询缓存，查询缓存也是SessionFactory级别的缓存
                    .setParameter(0, "%王%")
                    .setFirstResult(0).setMaxResults(50).list();