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java集合类,详解

时间:2015-08-28 12:32:55      阅读:242      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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集合详解

1.1HashSet

HashSet是Set接口的一个子类,主要的特点是:里面不能存放重复元素,而且采用散列的存储方法,所以没有顺序。这里所说的没有顺序是指:元素插入的顺序与输出的顺序不一致。

代码实例:HashSetDemo

package edu.sjtu.erplab.collection;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class HashSetDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<String> set=new HashSet<String>();
        
        set.add("a");
        set.add("b");
        set.add("c");
        set.add("c");
        set.add("d");
        
        //使用Iterator输出集合
        Iterator<String> iter=set.iterator();
        while(iter.hasNext())
        {
            System.out.print(iter.next()+" ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        //使用For Each输出结合
        for(String e:set)
        {
            System.out.print(e+" ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        
        //使用toString输出集合
        System.out.println(set);
    }
}
b c d a 
b c d a 
[b, c, d, a]

 

代码实例:SetTest

package edu.sjtu.erplab.collection;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;

public class SetTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
        Set<String> words=new HashSet<String>();

        //通过输入流代开文献
        //方法1:这个方法不需要抛出异常
        InputStream inStream=SetTest.class.getResourceAsStream("Alice.txt");
        
        //方法2:这个方法需要抛出异常
        //InputStream inStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\Documents\\workspace\\JAVAStudy\\src\\edu\\sjtu\\erplab\\collection\\Alice.txt");
        Scanner in=new Scanner(inStream);
        while(in.hasNext())
        {
            words.add(in.next());
        }
        
        Iterator<String> iter=words.iterator();
        
        for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
        {
            if(iter.hasNext())
            System.out.println(iter.next());
        }
        
        System.out.println(words.size());

    }
}

1.2ArrayList

ArrayList是List的子类,它和HashSet想法,允许存放重复元素,因此有序。集合中元素被访问的顺序取决于集合的类型。如果对ArrayList进行访问,迭代器将从索引0开始,每迭代一次,索引值加1。然而,如果访问HashSet中的元素,每个元素将会按照某种随机的次序出现。虽然可以确定在迭代过程中能够遍历到集合中的所有元素,但却无法预知元素被访问的次序。

代码实例:ArrayListDemo

复制代码
package edu.sjtu.erplab.collection;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class ArrayListDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> arrList=new ArrayList<String>();
        
        arrList.add("a");
        arrList.add("b");
        arrList.add("c");
        arrList.add("c");
        arrList.add("d");

        //使用Iterator输出集合
        Iterator<String> iter=arrList.iterator();
        while(iter.hasNext())
        {
            System.out.print(iter.next()+" ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        //使用For Each输出结合
        for(String e:arrList)
        {
            System.out.print(e+" ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        
        //使用toString输出集合
        System.out.println(arrList);
    }
}
复制代码

1.3LinkedList

LinkedList是一种可以在任何位置进行高效地插入和删除操作的有序序列。

代码实例:LinkedListTest

package edu.sjtu.erplab.collection;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ListIterator;

public class LinkedListTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        List<String> a=new ArrayList<String>();
        a.add("a");
        a.add("b");
        a.add("c");
        System.out.println(a);
        
        List<String> b=new ArrayList<String>();
        b.add("d");
        b.add("e");
        b.add("f");
        b.add("g");
        System.out.println(b);
        
        //ListIterator在Iterator基础上添加了add(),previous()和hasPrevious()方法
        ListIterator<String> aIter=a.listIterator();
        //普通的Iterator只有三个方法,hasNext(),next()和remove()
        Iterator<String> bIter=b.iterator();
        
        //b归并入a当中,间隔交叉得插入b中的元素
        while(bIter.hasNext())
        {
            if(aIter.hasNext())
                aIter.next();
            aIter.add(bIter.next());
        }
        System.out.println(a);
        
        //在b中每隔两个元素删除一个
        bIter=b.iterator();
        
        while(bIter.hasNext())
        {
            bIter.next();
            if(bIter.hasNext())
            {
                bIter.next();//remove跟next是成对出现的,remove总是删除前序
                bIter.remove();
            }
        }
        System.out.println(b);
        
        //删除a中所有的b中的元素
        a.removeAll(b);
        System.out.println(a);
    }
}

参考之前的一篇博客:Hashmap实现原理

package edu.sjtu.erplab.collection;

import java.util.WeakHashMap;

public class WeekHashMapDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int size = 100;

        if (args.length > 0) {
            size = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
        }

        Key[] keys = new Key[size];
        WeakHashMap<Key, Value> whm = new WeakHashMap<Key, Value>();

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            Key k = new Key(Integer.toString(i));
            Value v = new Value(Integer.toString(i));
            if (i % 3 == 0) {
                keys[i] = k;//强引用
            }
            whm.put(k, v);//所有键值放入WeakHashMap中
        }

        System.out.println(whm);
        System.out.println(whm.size());
        System.gc();
        
        try {
            // 把处理器的时间让给垃圾回收器进行垃圾回收
            Thread.sleep(4000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 
        
        System.out.println(whm);
        System.out.println(whm.size());
    }

}

class Key {
    String id;

    public Key(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return id;
    }

    public int hashCode() {
        return id.hashCode();
    }

    public boolean equals(Object r) {
        return (r instanceof Key) && id.equals(((Key) r).id);
    }

    public void finalize() {
        System.out.println("Finalizing Key " + id);
    }
}

class Value {
    String id;

    public Value(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return id;
    }

    public void finalize() {
        System.out.println("Finalizing Value " + id);
    }

}

输出结果

{50=50, 54=54, 53=53, 52=52, 51=51, 46=46, 47=47, 44=44, 45=45, 48=48, 49=49, 61=61, 60=60, 63=63, 62=62, 65=65, 64=64, 55=55, 56=56, 57=57, 58=58, 59=59, 76=76, 75=75, 74=74, 73=73, 72=72, 71=71, 70=70, 68=68, 69=69, 66=66, 67=67, 85=85, 84=84, 87=87, 86=86, 81=81, 80=80, 83=83, 82=82, 77=77, 78=78, 79=79, 89=89, 88=88, 10=10, 90=90, 91=91, 92=92, 93=93, 94=94, 95=95, 96=96, 97=97, 98=98, 99=99, 20=20, 21=21, 12=12, 11=11, 14=14, 13=13, 16=16, 15=15, 18=18, 17=17, 19=19, 8=8, 9=9, 31=31, 4=4, 32=32, 5=5, 6=6, 30=30, 7=7, 0=0, 1=1, 2=2, 3=3, 29=29, 28=28, 27=27, 26=26, 25=25, 24=24, 23=23, 22=22, 40=40, 41=41, 42=42, 43=43, 38=38, 37=37, 39=39, 34=34, 33=33, 36=36, 35=35}
Finalizing Key 98
Finalizing Key 97
Finalizing Key 95
Finalizing Key 94
Finalizing Key 92
Finalizing Key 91
Finalizing Key 89
Finalizing Key 88
Finalizing Key 86
Finalizing Key 85
Finalizing Key 83
Finalizing Key 82
Finalizing Key 80
Finalizing Key 79
Finalizing Key 77
Finalizing Key 76
Finalizing Key 74
Finalizing Key 73
Finalizing Key 71
Finalizing Key 70
Finalizing Key 68
Finalizing Key 67
Finalizing Key 65
Finalizing Key 64
Finalizing Key 62
Finalizing Key 61
Finalizing Key 59
Finalizing Key 58
Finalizing Key 56
Finalizing Key 55
Finalizing Key 53
Finalizing Key 52
Finalizing Key 50
Finalizing Key 49
Finalizing Key 47
Finalizing Key 46
Finalizing Key 44
Finalizing Key 43
Finalizing Key 41
Finalizing Key 40
Finalizing Key 38
Finalizing Key 37
Finalizing Key 35
Finalizing Key 34
Finalizing Key 32
Finalizing Key 31
Finalizing Key 29
Finalizing Key 28
Finalizing Key 26
Finalizing Key 25
Finalizing Key 23
Finalizing Key 22
Finalizing Key 20
Finalizing Key 19
Finalizing Key 17
Finalizing Key 16
Finalizing Key 14
Finalizing Key 13
Finalizing Key 11
Finalizing Key 10
Finalizing Key 8
Finalizing Key 7
Finalizing Key 5
Finalizing Key 4
Finalizing Key 2
Finalizing Key 1
{54=54, 51=51, 45=45, 48=48, 60=60, 63=63, 57=57, 75=75, 72=72, 69=69, 66=66, 84=84, 87=87, 81=81, 78=78, 90=90, 93=93, 96=96, 99=99, 21=21, 12=12, 15=15, 18=18, 9=9, 6=6, 30=30, 0=0, 3=3, 27=27, 24=24, 42=42, 39=39, 33=33, 36=36}

 

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java集合类,详解

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/lixiangyang521/p/4766123.html

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