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Android自定义view(初级篇)

时间:2015-08-28 13:18:11      阅读:219      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:android自定义view

Q1:为什么要自定义view?
A:由于很多系统自带的view满足不了当前设计需求或者为了达到更良好的用户体验,增加UI的美化效果,就需要自定view
Q2:自定义view有那几个步骤?
A:>用户可根据需要extends View这个父类,然后重写父类的方法;如:onDraw();onMeasure()等;
  >如果用户在自定义View事需要添加属性,则必须在values文件夹下新建"attrs.xml"文件,在其中添加自定义属性。
 下面来进行自定义view的学习。

一、最基本的自定义view;例如:新建一个类CustomEditText 继承EditText
其特点:拥有EditText的全部方法,就和EditText一模一样,只是名字不同了而已。
使用方法有两种:
>在代码中调用,CustomEditText cet=new CustomEditText(context);
>在xml中调用,需要写全包名及类名,否则会报The following classes could not be found;
关键代码如下:
自定义view:
public class CustomEditText extends EditText {

	public CustomEditText(Context context) {
		super(context);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
		super(context, attrs);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
		super(context, attrs, defStyle);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

}
xml中使用:
<! -- com.anqiansong.views为CustomEditText所在位置的包名-->
<com.anqiansong.views.CustomEditText
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="自定义EditText" />

技术分享

二、在上面的CustomEditText中重写onDraw()方法实现删除线text效果;
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	super.onDraw(canvas);
	Paint paint=new Paint();//新建画笔对象
	paint.setColor(Color.BLACK);//设置画笔颜色
	paint.setAntiAlias(true);//设置是否抗锯齿
	paint.setStrokeWidth(2);//设置画笔的粗细
	//设置线条的x轴方向的起始点,y轴方向的起始点
	canvas.drawLine(this.getLeft(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, this.getRight(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, paint);
}
技术分享
三、比如我们现在在xml中使用时添加一个lineColor属性(删除线的颜色),该怎么实现呢?
>首先需要在values下新建attrs.xml文件;
>然后根据需要添加相应的属性及属性所属类型
>使用
关键代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <!--declare-styleable:声明样式类型;attr name=""声明属性名;format="属性的类型"  -->
    <declare-styleable name="CustomEditText">
        <attr name="lineColor" format="color" />
    </declare-styleable>

</resources>
备注:format的属性值见*附录一
在xml中调用:
以下代码必须声明,否则找不到之前定义的属性名,则不能用,可以声明在根布局中,也可以在调用时声明
xmlns:CustomEditText="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.anqiansong.androidcustomview"(如果没有声明,在引用属性时系统也会提示然后根据提示自动生成将是已xmlns:app=.....这种模式)
说明:xmlns:***="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/packagename"
***主要是在调用时需要,如android:textColor="#ffffff";这里的“android”
方式1中的CustomEditText:lineColor="#ff0000"的CustomEditText,方式2中的mylinecolor
而packagename则为当前工程包名
如果这两个不是这种格式,则也引用不了自定义的属性
此外,既然在xml中设置的lineColor的值,在自定义view中的构造方法中就要去获取这个属性的颜色值;如代码:
public class CustomEditText extends EditText {
	private int lineColor;//删除线颜色全局变量
	public CustomEditText(Context context) {
		super(context);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
		super(context, attrs);
		Paint paint=new Paint();
		TypedArray array = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomEditText);
		lineColor=array.getColor(R.styleable.CustomEditText_lineColor, Color.BLACK);//获取xml中设置的删除线的颜色值,这里的CustomEditText_lineColor是由attrs中的styleable中的名字和属性名加"_"组合而成
		array.recycle();
	}

	public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
		super(context, attrs, defStyle);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onDraw(canvas);
		Paint paint=new Paint();//新建画笔对象
		paint.setColor(lineColor);//设置画笔颜色
		paint.setAntiAlias(true);//设置是否抗锯齿
		paint.setStrokeWidth(2);//设置画笔的粗细
		//设置线条的x轴方向的起始点,y轴方向的起始点
		canvas.drawLine(this.getLeft(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, this.getRight(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, paint);
	}
}

方式1:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:CustomEditText="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.anqiansong.androidcustomview"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <com.anqiansong.views.CustomEditText
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="自定义EditText" 
        CustomEditText:lineColor="#ff0000"
        />
</RelativeLayout>

方式2:
<com.anqiansong.views.CustomEditText
        xmlns:mylinecolor="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.anqiansong.androidcustomview"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="自定义EditText" 
        mylinecolor:lineColor="#ff0000"
        />
同样的原理,我们可以对删除线的粗细添加一个属性lineHeight,代码如下:
添加属性:<attr name="lineHeight" format="dimension"/>
引用属性:mylinecolor:lineHeight="5dp"
自定义view中获取lineHeight并设置粗细:lineHeight=array.getDimension(R.styleable.CustomEditText_lineHeight, 2);在ondraw()方法中paint.setStrokeWidth(lineHeight);//设置画笔的粗细
技术分享
附录一:
附:Android中自定义属性的格式详解(引自:http://www.cnblogs.com/zhangs1986/p/3243040.html,作者:欢醉,请尊重原创)
1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
                     />
2. color:颜色值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <TextView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"
                     />
3. boolean:布尔值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    android:focusable = "true"
                    />
4. dimension:尺寸值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    />
5. float:浮点值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <alpha
                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"
                   />
6. integer:整型值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <animated-rotate
                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                   android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID" 
                   android:pivotX = "50%" 
                   android:pivotY = "50%" 
                   android:framesCount = "12" 
                   android:frameDuration = "100"
                   />
7. string:字符串。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
                    />
8. fraction:百分数。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <rotate  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
               android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
                 android:fromDegrees = "0"
               android:toDegrees = "360"
                 android:pivotX = "200%"
                 android:pivotY = "300%"
               android:duration = "5000"
                 android:repeatMode = "restart"
                 android:repeatCount = "infinite"
                   />
9. enum:枚举值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name="名称">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>           
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
            <LinearLayout
                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                    android:orientation = "vertical"
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    >
            </LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或运算。
     (1)属性定义:
             <declare-styleable name="名称">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                     </attr>        
             </declare-styleable>
     (2)属性使用:
            <activity
                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                   android:label = "@string/app_name"
                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
                   <intent-filter>
                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                   </intent-filter>

             </activity>
     注意:
     属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
    (1)属性定义:
            <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)属性使用:
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
                     />


版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,未经博主允许不得转载。

Android自定义view(初级篇)

标签:android自定义view

原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/qq243223991/article/details/48050263

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