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PS:PDF在线地址：http://bcmi.sjtu.edu.cn/~zhaohai/ptm2012/data/Python-kernel.programming.v2.pdf
2-1 变量，print 和字符串格式化运算符。启动交互式解释器，给一些变量赋值（字符串，数值等等）并通过输入变量名显示它们的值。再用 print 语句做同样的事。这二者有何区别？ 也尝试着使用字符串格式运算符%，多做几次，慢慢熟悉。
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- >>>a = 123 >>>b = ‘123‘ >>>a 123 >>>b ‘123‘ >>>print a 123 >>>print b 123 >>>print ‘尽管print语句输出的a和b是一样的，但他们仍然不一样，a是%d,是整型；b是%s，是字符串。‘ % (a,b) 尽管print语句输出的a和b是一样的，但他们仍然不一样，a是123,是整型；b是123，是字符串。
可见，在交互式解释器中，通过输入变量名称显示值是直接显示各变量包含变量类型的值，即字符串带有字符串的标志‘‘引号；通过print语句，则字符串引号‘‘被去掉。
2-2 程序输出
(a) 这段脚本用来计算 1 + 2 * 4 的值
(b)这段脚本保存后再运行不会输出任何项
(c)保存为脚本运行后，没有任何输出，与预想的一样。究其原因，是因为交互式解释器和脚本运行的不同
(d)单独执行这段代码，不会有任何输出；在交互式解释器中输入 1 + 2 * 4 ，会输出"9".如下：
#!/usr/bin/env python 1 + 2 * 4
(e)使用print语句即可
2-3 略
2-4 (a)
1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 2 string = raw_input("Please enter something:") 3 print string
输出：
Please enter something:Python is number one! Python is number one!
(b)
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- string = raw_input("Please enter a number:") print "Your enter is %d" % int(string)
输出：
Please enter a number:123 Your enter is 123
2-5 (a)
i = 0 while i <= 10: print i i += 1
(b)
for i in range(11): print i
2-6 (1)
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- num = 10 if num > 0: print u"它是正数！" elif num < 0: print u"它是负数！" else: print u"它是0"
(2)
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- num = int(raw_input("输入一个数字：".decode("utf-8").encode("gbk"))) if num > 0: print u"它是正数！" elif num < 0: print u"它是负数！" else: print u"它是0"
2-7 (1) while
strings = raw_input("Please enter something:") i = 0 while i < len(strings): print strings[i],‘(%d)‘ % i i += 1
(2) for
strings = raw_input("Please enter something:") for i,string in enumerate(strings): print string,"(%d)" % i
2-8
(1)
list1 = [123,45,678,91,124] i = 0 sum = 0 while i < len(list1): sum = sum + list1[i] i += 1 print sum sum = 0 for num in list1: sum = sum + num print sum
(2)
num_one = int(raw_input("Please enter the first number:")) num_two = int(raw_input("Please enter the second numebr:")) num_three = int(raw_input("Please enter the third number:")) num_four = int(raw_input("Please enter the fourth number:")) num_five = int(raw_input("Please enter the fifth number:")) list1 = [num_one,num_two,num_three,num_four,num_five] i = 0 sum = 0 while i < len(list1): sum = sum + list1[i] i += 1 print sum sum = 0 for num in list1: sum = sum + num print sum
2-9
number = [12,345,67,890,123] sum = 0 for num in number: sum = sum + num average = float(sum) / 5 print "%f is the average of these five numbers." % average
2-10
while True: num = int(raw_input("Please enter a number bewteen 1 and 100:")) if num >= 1 and num <= 100: print "Well Done.You done it." break else: print "Man,you are wrong!Please learn to read the prompt!!!" continue
2-11
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- def calc_sum(): global sum sum = 0 i = 0 while i < 5: num = int(raw_input("请依次输入五个数字：".decode("utf-8").encode("gbk"))) sum = sum + num i += 1 return sum while True: choice = raw_input("1求和，2求平均数，X退出，请输入你的选择：".decode("utf-8").encode("gbk")) if choice == ‘X‘: print u"程序将退出" break elif choice.isdigit() and int(choice) == 1:
#isdigit()用来判断一个对象是否是数字，是数字返回True，否则返回False。如123.isdigit()返回结果True print u"计算五个数的和" calc_sum() print u"这五个数的和是：",sum elif choice.isdigit() and int(choice) == 2: print u"计算五个数的平均值" calc_sum() print u"这五个数的平均值是：",float(sum) / 5 else: print u"请重新输入"
2-12
（a） dir()会显示所有全局变量
（b) dir不加括号返回<built-in function dir>，对dir的基础介绍
（c) type(dir)返回<type ‘builtin_function_or_method‘>,意思是内建的函数或方法
2-13
2-14
原语句：
print -2 * 4 + 3 ** 2
改写：
print -2 * 4 + (3 ** 2)
2-15/2-16 存疑，待补
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/hnyczhj/p/4765385.html
