oracle db允许以只读的形式查询外部表。外部表可以存储在任何oracle db可以读取的存储设备中,其内容不在db中保存,db只保存external table的metadata,db可以查询(join、sort)external table,可以创建view、synonym,但不可以执行DML语句。
创建外部表语法create table ......orginzition external,可以把外部表假想为一个view,可以正常的做select。
analyze 和 虚拟列 表分析不使用与外部表
创建外部表语法
外部表文件:
example1.txt
360,Jane,Janus,ST_CLERK,121,17-MAY-2001,3000,0,50,jjanus
361,Mark,Jasper,SA_REP,145,17-MAY-2001,8000,.1,80,mjasper
362,Brenda,Starr,AD_ASST,200,17-MAY-2001,5500,0,10,bstarr
363,Alex,Alda,AC_MGR,145,17-MAY-2001,9000,.15,80,aalda
example2.txt
401,Jesse,Cromwell,HR_REP,203,17-MAY-2001,7000,0,40,jcromwel
402,Abby,Applegate,IT_PROG,103,17-MAY-2001,9000,.2,60,aapplega
403,Carol,Cousins,AD_VP,100,17-MAY-2001,27000,.3,90,ccousins
404,John,Richardson,AC_ACCOUNT,205,17-MAY-2001,5000,0,110,jrichard
创建外部表oracle可识别路径:
SQL> conn / as sysdba SQL> create directory external_dir as ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/external‘; Directory created. SQL> grant read,write on directory external_dir to kevin; Grant succeeded.
外部表的使用用户kevin,创建外部表
SQL> CREATE TABLE ex_employees 2 (employee_id NUMBER(4), 3 first_name VARCHAR2(20), 4 last_name VARCHAR2(25), 5 job_id VARCHAR2(10), 6 manager_id NUMBER(4), 7 hire_date DATE, 8 salary NUMBER(8,2), 9 commission_pct NUMBER(2,2), 10 department_id NUMBER(4), 11 email VARCHAR2(25) 12 ) 13 ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL 14 ( 15 TYPE ORACLE_LOADER 16 DEFAULT DIRECTORY external_dir 17 ACCESS PARAMETERS 18 ( 19 records delimited by newline 20 badfile external_dir:‘empxt%a_%p.bad‘ 21 logfile external_dir:‘empxt%a_%p.log‘ 22 fields terminated by ‘,‘ 23 missing field values are null 24 ( employee_id, first_name, last_name, job_id, manager_id, 25 hire_date char date_format date mask "dd-mon-yyyy", 26 salary, commission_pct, department_id, email 27 ) 28 ) 29 LOCATION (‘example1.txt‘, ‘example2.txt‘) 30 ) 31 PARALLEL 32 REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED; Table created.
创建完成后可以可以通过cats把数据导入至数据库的表中,如果数据比较多,可以开启session level parallel导入
alter session enable parallel; create table employee as select * from ex_employee; EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME JOB_ID MANAGER_ID HIRE_DATE SALARY COMMISSION_PCT DEPARTMENT_ID EMAIL ----------- -------------------- ------------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ------------- ------------------------- 360 Jane Janus ST_CLERK 121 17-MAY-01 3000 0 50 jjanus 361 Mark Jasper SA_REP 145 17-MAY-01 8000 .1 80 mjasper 362 Brenda Starr AD_ASST 200 17-MAY-01 5500 0 10 bstarr 363 Alex Alda AC_MGR 145 17-MAY-01 9000 .15 80 aalda 401 Jesse Cromwell HR_REP 203 17-MAY-01 7000 0 40 jcromwel 402 Abby Applegate IT_PROG 103 17-MAY-01 9000 .2 60 aapplega 403 Carol Cousins AD_VP 100 17-MAY-01 27000 .3 90 ccousins 404 John Richardson AC_ACCOUNT 205 17-MAY-01 5000 0 110 jrichard 10 rows selected.
创建完成,外部表可以正常使用
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原文地址:http://kevinora.blog.51cto.com/9406404/1690038