[c++ IO加速]快速输入输出

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class FastIO {
public:
    FastIO() {
        pin = in;
        countin = countout = 0;
    }
    int read2mem() {
        return countin = fread(in, 1, insize, stdin);
        fclose(stdin);
    }
    int write2disk() {
        return fwrite(out, 1, countout, stdout);
        fclose(stdout);
    }
    int read() { return 0; }
    template<typename T, typename ...R>
    int read(T &f, R &...r) {
        if (get(f) == -1) return -1;
        c = read(r...);
        if (c == -1) return -1;
        return 1 + c;
    }
    void write() {
        put(‘\n‘);
    }
    template<typename T, typename ...R>
    void write(const T x, const R ...r) {
        put(x);
        write(r...);
    }
private:
    const static int insize = (1 << 20) * 200, outsize = (1 << 20) * 100;
    char in[insize], out[outsize], *pin;
    int countin, countout, a[20], c, negative;

    /*** read ***/
    inline bool digit(const char ch) {
        return ch == ‘-‘ || ch >= ‘0‘ && ch <= ‘9‘;
    }
    int get(char s[]) {
        while ((*pin == ‘ ‘ || *pin == ‘\n‘) && pin - in != countin) pin ++;
        if (pin - in == countin) return -1;
        while (*pin != ‘ ‘ && *pin != ‘\n‘ && pin - in != countin) *s ++ = *pin ++;
        *s = 0;
        return 1;
    }
    int get(char &ch) {
        if (pin - in == countin) return -1;
        ch = *pin ++;
        return 1;
    }
    int get(int &buf) {
        while (!digit(*pin) && pin - in != countin) pin ++;
        if (pin - in == countin) return -1;
        buf = 0;
        negative = 0;
        if (*pin == ‘-‘) {
            negative = 1;
            pin ++;
        }
        while (digit(*pin)) {
            buf = buf * 10 + *pin - ‘0‘;
            pin ++;
        }
        if (negative) buf = -buf;
        return 1;
    }
    /*** write ***/
    void put(unsigned int x) {
        c = 0;
        a[c ++] = x % 10 + ‘0‘;
        x /= 10;
        while (x) {
            a[c ++] = x % 10 + ‘0‘;
            x /= 10;
        }
        while (c) {
            out[countout ++] = a[-- c];
        }
    }
    void put(int x) {
        c = 0;
        negative = x < 0;
        if (negative) {
            x = -x;
            out[countout ++] = ‘-‘;
        }
        a[c ++] = x % 10 + ‘0‘;
        x /= 10;
        while (x) {
            a[c ++] = x % 10 + ‘0‘;
            x /= 10;
        }
        while (c) {
            out[countout ++] = a[-- c];
        }
    }
    void put(const char &ch) {
        out[countout ++] = ch;
    }
    void put(char s[]) {
        while (*s) out[countout ++] = *s ++;
    }
};