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使用注解的方式重构helloworld应用案例。
1. @RequestMapping注解应用
@RequestMapping可以用在类定义和方法定义上,它标明这个类或方法与哪一个客户请求对应。实例代码如下:
@RequestMapping("/day01") public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello.form") public String execute() throws Exception { return "hello"; } }
2. 开启@RequestMapping注解映射,需要在Spring的XML配置文件进行配置,配置代码如下:
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
3. @Controller注解应用
推荐使用@Controller注解声明Controller组件,这样可以使得Controller定义更加灵活,可以不用实现Controller接口,请求处理的方法也可以灵活定义。代码如下:
@Controller @RequestMapping("/day01") public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello.form") public String execute() throws Exception { return "hello"; } }
4. 为了使@Controller注解生效,需要在Spring的XML配置文件中开启组件扫描定义,并指定Controller组件所在包,配置代码如下:
<context:component-scan base-package="com.souvc.controller"/>
使用的环境是eclipse ,jdk7.0 ,Tomcat 7.0,导入Spring依赖包。
步骤一: 新建一个新工程,工程名为SpringControler,如图下:
步骤二:增加HelloController类
使用注解的方式,修改HelloController类,代码如下所示:
package com.souvc.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller @RequestMapping("/day01") public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello.form") public String execute() throws Exception { return "hello"; } }
步骤三:spring-mvc.xml的配置
在spring-mvc.xml文件中,开启@RequestMapping注解映射以及组件扫描,代码如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.souvc.controller"/> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- 定义视图解析器ViewResolver --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>
web.xml 文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class> <!-- 指定Spring的配置文件 --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.form</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
步骤四:测试
通过地址“http://localhost:8080/SpringControler/day01/hello.form”访问HelloController: