IOS－沙盒机制（二文件读写）

时间：2014-05-04 18:35:42 阅读：587 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

标签：ios 文件读写沙盒存储

一目录说明

如下图所示，一个沙盒中典型存在下面的目录和文件

各个目录及文件说明：

1.Documents 您应该将所有的应用程序数据文件写入到这个目录下，这个目录用于存储用户数据或其它应该定期备份的信息。

2.AppName.app 这是应用程序的程序包目录，包含应用程序的本身。由于应用程序必须经过签名，所以您在运行时不能对这个目录中的内容进行修改，否则可能会使应用程序无法启动。

3.Library 这个目录下有两个子目录：Caches 和 Preferences

Preferences 包含应用程序的偏好设置文件。您不应该直接创建偏好设置文件，而是应该使用NSUserDefaults类来取得和设置应用程序的偏好

Caches 目录用于存放应用程序专用的支持文件，保存应用程序再次启动过程中需要的信息。

4.tmp 这个目录用于存放临时文件，保存应用程序再次启动过程中不需要的信息。

注意：1.iTunes在与iPhone同步时，备份所有的Documents和Library文件。

2.iPhone在重启时，会丢弃所有的tmp文件。

二沙盒中文件夹和文件操作

实例代码一:列出相应的目录

- (void) fileOperation

{

  //沙盒所在的根目录
    NSString *homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory();
    NSLog(@"path:%@", homeDirectory);

  //应用程序路径
    NSString*appPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath];

NSLog(@"path:%@", appPath);

    //document目录
    NSArray *docPaths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *documentPaths = [docPaths objectAtIndex:0];
    NSLog(@"path:%@", documentPaths);

    //Cache目录
    NSArray *cacPaths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *cachePath = [cacPaths objectAtIndex:0];
    NSLog(@"%@", cachePath);

    //获取Library目录
    NSArray *libPaths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *libraryPath = [libPaths objectAtIndex:0];
    NSLog(@"%@", libraryPath);

    //获取Tmp目录
    NSString *tmpDir = NSTemporaryDirectory();
    NSLog(@"%@", tmpDir);

}

输出结果：

2014-04-23 14:55:35.621 ZZFile[12523:70b] path:/Users/XXXXXX/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/7.0.3/Applications/9170019F-379C-42C3-96E2-848CE9268FEF
2014-04-23 14:55:35.623 ZZFile[12523:70b] path:/Users/XXXXXX/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/7.0.3/Applications/9170019F-379C-42C3-96E2-848CE9268FEF/ZZFile.app

2014-04-23 14:55:35.624 ZZFile[12523:70b] path:/Users/XXXXXX/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/7.0.3/Applications/9170019F-379C-42C3-96E2-848CE9268FEF/Documents

2014-04-23 14:55:35.626 ZZFile[12523:70b] /Users/XXXXXX/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/7.0.3/Applications/9170019F-379C-42C3-96E2-848CE9268FEF/Library/Caches

2014-04-23 14:55:35.631 ZZFile[12523:70b] /Users/XXXXXX/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/7.0.3/Applications/9170019F-379C-42C3-96E2-848CE9268FEF/Library

2014-04-23 14:55:35.632 ZZFile[12523:70b] /Users/XXXXXX/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/7.0.3/Applications/9170019F-379C-42C3-96E2-848CE9268FEF/tmp/

实例代码二：文件读写

- (void) WRFile
{
    //写入数据
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *docDir = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
    if (!docDir)
    {
        NSLog(@"Documents 目录未找到");
    }
    NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"Hebie",@"BJUT",nil];
    NSString *filePath = [docDir stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"zz.text"];
    [array writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];


    //读取数据
// NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
// NSString *docDir = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
// NSString *filePath = [docDir stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"testFile.txt"];
    NSArray *result = [[NSArray alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
    NSLog(@"%@", result);
}
- (void) userDefalut
{
    NSUserDefaults *defalut = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
    [defalut setObject:@"ZZBJUT" forKey:@"name"];
    [defalut setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInteger:25] forKey:@"age"];
    [defalut synchronize];

    defalut = nil;

    defalut = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
    NSString *name = [defalut  objectForKey:@"name"];
    NSInteger age = [[defalut objectForKey:@"age"] integerValue];
    NSLog(@"name:%@ age:%d",name ,age);

}

输出结果：

2014-04-23 14:01:11.559 ZZFile[12104:70b] (
Hebie,
BJUT
)

2014-04-23 14:01:11.855 ZZFile[12104:70b] name:ZZBJUT age:25

沙盒中的Documents目录中多了一个zz.text

另外在Library的Preferences目录中多了一个 com.qiniudn.zhangzhe.ZZFile.plist文件

如下图所示：

打开com.qiniudn.zhangzhe.ZZFile.plist文件里面是我们用NSUserDefault保存的数据。

打开zz.txt文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">

<array>

<string>Hebie</string>

</array>

</plist>

可以看到文件中的数据使用属性列表的格式进行存储

使用如下代码删除文件：

//删除文件
if ([[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:finalLocation])
{
retVal = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] removeItemAtPath:finalLocation error:NULL];

NSLog(@"delete file:%@",finalLocation);

}

实例代码三：文件夹操作

- (void)createFolder:(NSString *)createDir
{
    BOOL isDir = NO;
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    BOOL existed = [fileManager fileExistsAtPath:createDir isDirectory:&isDir];
    if ( !(isDir == YES && existed == YES) )
    {
[fileManager createDirectoryAtPath:createDir withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];
    }
}
- (void) folderOperation
{
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0]; // Get documents folder
    NSString *dataPath = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"first"];
    [self createFolder:dataPath];

    dataPath = [dataPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"secode"];
    [self createFolder:dataPath];

//创建文件
    NSString *testPath = [dataPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"zz.txt"];
    NSString *string = @"ZZBJUT 写入文件";
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    [fileManager createFileAtPath:testPath
                         contents:[string dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]
                       attributes:nil];
dataPath = [dataPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"third"];
    [self createFolder:dataPath];

}

沙盒中的内容如下，可以看到在document目录中创建/first/second/third目录，并且在

seconde中创建了一个zz.text文件。

实例代码四：拷贝app目录中的文件到Document中

- (void) copyBundleFileToDocument
{
    NSString *flieName = @"apple.jpg";
    NSString *fileToCopy = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"apple.jpg" ofType:nil];

    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0]; // Get documents folder
    NSString *dataPath = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingString:@"/first/second/third"];
    NSString * finalLocation = [dataPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:flieName];

    BOOL retVal = YES; // If the file already exists, we‘ll return success…

    if (![[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:finalLocation])
    {
        retVal = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] copyItemAtPath:fileToCopy
                                                         toPath:finalLocation
                                                          error:NULL];
        NSLog(@"copy done!");
        NSLog(@"souce:%@",fileToCopy);
        NSLog(@"destination:%@",finalLocation);
    }

}

输出结果：

2014-04-23 14:15:35.262 ZZFile[12218:70b] copy done!
2014-04-23 14:15:35.265 ZZFile[12218:70b] souce:/Users/XXXXXX/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/7.0.3/Applications/9170019F-379C-42C3-96E2-848CE9268FEF/ZZFile.app/apple.jpg

2014-04-23 14:15:35.266 ZZFile[12218:70b] destination:/Users/XXXXXX/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/7.0.3/Applications/9170019F-379C-42C3-96E2-848CE9268FEF/Documents/first/second/third/apple.jpg

如下图所示我们将app目录中的apple.jgp文件拷贝到了Documents的third文件夹中

注意：

NSBundle是一个目录,其中包含了程序使用到的资源，包含了如图像、声音、编译好的代码、nib文件(用户也会把bundle称为plug-in)等。对应bundle,cocoa提供了类NSBundle.

Bundle其实是一种对应用程序的打包方式，就像java中的jar文件一样。NSBundle是对bundle的一种抽象表示，使用它可以便捷的访问应用程序中的资源。

上面代码中用NSBundle获取程序里的一张图片apple.jpg,根据输出的结果图片的路径为：

/Users/XXXXXX/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/7.0.3/Applications/9170019F-379C-42C3-96E2-848CE9268FEF/ZZFile.app/apple.jpg

实例代码五：列出目录内容

- (void) listFile
{
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
    NSFileManager *fileManage = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSArray *file = [fileManage subpathsOfDirectoryAtPath: documentsDirectory error:nil];
    NSLog(@"%@",file);

}

输出内容：

2014-04-23 14:31:24.881 ZZFile[12334:70b] (
    ".DS_Store",
    first,
    "first/.DS_Store",
    "first/second",
    "first/second/.DS_Store",
    "first/second/third",
    "first/second/third/apple.jpg",
    "first/second/zz.txt",
    "zz.text"

)

实例代码六：混合数据的读写

- (void) writeMixData
{
    NSString * fileName = @"mixtypedata.txt";
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
    //获取文件路径
    NSString *path = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:fileName];

    //待写入的数据
    NSString *temp = @"Hello world!";
    int dataInt = 1234;
    float dataFloat = 3.14f;

    //创建数据缓冲
    NSMutableData *writer = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
    //将字符串添加到缓冲中
    [writer appendData:[temp dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    //将其他数据添加到缓冲中
    [writer appendBytes:&dataInt length:sizeof(int)];
    [writer appendBytes:&dataFloat length:sizeof(float)];
    //将缓冲的数据写入到文件中
    [writer writeToFile:path atomically:YES];

    //[self readMixData];
}
- (void) readMixData
{
    NSString * fileName = @"mixtypedata.txt";
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
    //获取文件路径
    NSString *path = [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:fileName];


    //读取数据：
    int intData;
    float floatData = 0.0;
    NSString *stringData;

    NSData *reader = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];
    stringData = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:
                  [reader subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, [@"Hello world!" length])]
                                       encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

    [reader getBytes:&intData range:NSMakeRange([@"Hello world!"length], sizeof(int))];
    [reader getBytes:&floatData range:NSMakeRange([@"Hello world!" length] + sizeof(int), sizeof(float))];
    NSLog(@"stringData:%@ intData:%d floatData:%f", stringData, intData, floatData);

}

输出结果：

2014-04-23 14:44:53.820 ZZFile[12452:70b] stringData:Hello world! intData:1234 floatData:3.140000

注意：当字符串中有中文的时候会出现乱码，因为[temp length]算长度是，把中文算成一位了，出来的结果有误。

三文件操作封装

封装类ZZFile

头文件ZZFile.h 如下:

@interface ZZFile : NSObject

//Get Home/Bundle/Document/Library/Cache/Temp Directory
+ (NSString*) HomeDirectory;
+ (NSString*) BundleDirectory;
+ (NSString*) DocumentDirectory;
+ (NSString*) LibraryDirectory;
+ (NSString*) LibraryCacheDirectory;
+ (NSString*) TempDirectory;

//File Path.
+ (NSString *) DocumentFilePath:(NSString *) fileName;
+ (BOOL) FileIsExist:(NSString*) fileName;
+ (BOOL) DocumentFileIsExist:(NSString*) fileName;

//File Operation.
+ (BOOL) WriteObject:(id) object filePath:(NSString*) fileName;
+ (BOOL) WriteObject:(id) object DocumentFilePath:(NSString *)fileName;
+ (BOOL) removeFileAtPath:(NSString*) fileName;
+ (BOOL) removeDocumentFileAtPath:(NSString *)fileName;
+ (BOOL) RenameDocumentFile:(NSString*) oldName forName:(NSString*) newName;
+ (BOOL) CopyDocumentFileFrom:(NSString*) source To:(NSString*)destination;

//Folder Operation.
+ (BOOL) CreateDocumentFolder:(NSString*) folderName;
+ (BOOL) RemoveDocumentFolder:(NSString*) folderName;
+ (BOOL) RenameDocumentFolder:(NSString*) oldName forName:(NSString*) newName;
+ (BOOL) CopyDocumentFolderFrom:(NSString*) source To:(NSString*)destination;
+ (NSArray*) TraverseDocumentFolder:(NSString*) folderName;

//Copy Bundle file To Document
+ (BOOL) CopyBundleFile:(NSString*) fileName ToDocument:(NSString*) documentFileName;

//NSUserDefalut
+ (void) UserDefalutObject:(id)object forKey:(NSString*) key;
+ (id) UserDefalutObjectForKye:(NSString*) key;
+ (void) Synchronize;

//Hash File

+ (NSString *) md5HashOfFileAtPath:(NSString *) filePath;

+ (NSString *) sha1HashOfFileAtPath:(NSString *) filePath;

+ (NSString *) sha512HashOfFileAtPath:(NSString *) filePath;

@end

详见github: https://github.com/ZhangzheBJUT/IOSProject/tree/master/FiltTool

ZZFile.h和ZZFile.m是对文件操作的简单封装，方便文件的存取修改。

IOS－沙盒机制（二文件读写）,布布扣,bubuko.com

IOS－沙盒机制（二文件读写）

标签：ios 文件读写沙盒存储

原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/zhangzhebjut/article/details/24495557

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