| COMMAND 命令 |
DESCRIPTION 注解 |
| System information |
| 系统信息 |
| arch |
show architecture of machine |
| 显示主机的体系结构 |
| uname -r |
show used kernel version |
| 显示kernel版本信息 |
| dmidecode -q |
show hardware system components - (SMBIOS / DMI) |
| 显示硬件系统部件 |
| hdaparm -i /dev/hda |
displays the characteristics of a hard-disk |
| 显示某一硬盘特点 |
| hdparm -tT /dev/sda |
perform test reading on a hard-disk |
| 执行某一硬盘读取测试 |
| cat /proc/cpuinfo |
show information CPU info |
| 显示CPU信息 |
| cat /proc/interrupts |
show interrupts |
| 显示中断信息 |
| cat /proc/meminfo |
verify memory use |
| 核实内存使用情况 |
| cat /proc/swaps |
show file(s) swap |
| 显示文件swap情况 |
| cat /proc/version |
show version of the kernel |
| 显示kernel版本信息 |
| cat /proc/net/dev |
show network adpters and statistics |
| 显示网络信息 |
| cat /proc/mounts |
show mounted file system(s) |
| 显示挂载系统信息 |
| lspci -tv |
display PCI devices |
| 显示PCI设备 |
| lsusb -tv |
show USB devices |
| 显示USB设备 |
| date |
show system date |
| 显示系统日期 |
| cal 2007 |
show the timetable of 2007 |
| 显示2007年日历 |
| date 041217002007.00 |
set date and time |
| - MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Second |
| 设置时间和日期 - 格式：月日时分年.秒 |
| clock -w |
save changes on BIOS |
| 保存BIOS设置 |
| |
| Shutdown, Restart of a system and Logout |
| 系统关机,重启或注销 |
| shutdown -h now |
shutdown system |
| init 0 |
关闭系统 |
| shutdown -r hours:minutes |
planned shutdown of the system |
| 定时关机 |
| shutdown -c |
cancel a planned shutdown of the system |
| 取消定时关机 |
| shutdown -r now |
reboot |
| reboot |
重启系统 |
| logout |
leaving session |
| 注销用户 |
| Files and Directory |
| 文件及目录 |
| cd /home |
enter to directory ‘/ home‘ |
| 进入/home目录 |
| cd .. |
go back one level |
| 向上返回一个目录 |
| cd ../.. |
go back two levels |
| 向上返回两个目录 |
| cd |
go to home directory |
| 前往/home目录 |
| cd ~utente |
go to home directory |
| 前往/home目录 |
| cd - |
go to previous directory |
| 进入先前所在目录 |
| pwd |
show the path of work directory |
| 显示目录路径 |
| ls |
view files of directory |
| 显示目录内包含的文件 |
| ls -F |
view files of directory |
| 显示目录内包含的文件 |
| ls -l |
show details of files and directory |
| 显示目录内文件的详细信息 |
| ls -a |
show hidden files |
| 显示隐藏文件 |
| ls *[0-9]* |
show files and directory containing number |
| 显示目录内包含有数字的文件 |
| lstree |
show files and directories in a tree starting from root |
| 以树形显示文件 |
| mkdir dir1 |
create a directory called ‘dir1‘ |
| 建立dir1目录 |
| mkdir dir1 dir2 |
create two directories simultaneously |
| 建立两个目录 |
| mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 |
create a directory tree |
| 建立目录树 |
| rm -f file1 |
delete file called ‘file1‘ |
| 删除名为file1的文件 |
| rmdir dir1 |
delete directory called ‘dir1‘ |
| 删除名为dir1的目录 |
| rm -rf dir1 |
remove a directory called ‘dir1‘ and contents recursively |
| 删除dir1目录及所含文件 |
| rm -rf dir1 dir2 |
remove two directories and their contents recursively |
| 删除dir1 dir 2两个目录及所含文件 |
| mv dir1 new_dir |
rename / move a file or directory |
| 重命名/移动 文件或文件夹 |
| cp file1 file2 |
copying a file |
| 复制文件 |
| cp dir/* . |
copy all files of a directory within the current work directory |
| 复制目录及目录内所有文件到当前目录 |
| cp -a /tmp/dir1 . |
copy a directory within the current work directory |
| 复制目录到当前目录 |
| cp -a dir1 dir2 |
copy a directory |
| 复制目录 |
| ln -s file1 lnk1 |
create a symbolic link to file or directory |
| 建立文件或目录的符号链 |
| ln file1 lnk1 |
create a physical link to file or directory |
| 建立文件或目录的物理链 |
| touch -t 0712250000 fileditest |
modify timestamp of a file or directory |
| - (YYMMDDhhmm) |
| 修改文件或目录的时间戳 |
| - 格式：YYMMDDhhmm |
| File search |
| 文件搜索 |
| find / -name file1 |
search file and directory into root filesystem from ‘/‘ |
| 在 / 目录中搜索文件或目录 |
| find / -user user1 |
search files and directories belonging to ‘user1‘ |
| 搜索属于user1的文件和目录 |
| find /home/user1 -name *.bin |
search files with ‘. bin‘ extension within directory ‘/ home/user1‘ |
| 在/home/user1目录内搜索包含有.bin的文件 |
| find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100 |
search bynary files are not used in the last 100 days |
| 搜索100天未用的文件 |
| find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 |
search files created or changed within 10 days |
| 搜索10天内创建或更改的文件 |
| find / -name *.rpm -exec chmod 755 {} ; |
search files with ‘.rpm‘ extension and modify permits |
| 搜索带有修改属性的.rpm的文件 |
| find / -name *.rpm -xdev |
search files with ‘.rpm‘ extension ignoring removable partitions as cdrom, pen-drive, etc.… |
| 搜索全属性的.rpm的文件 |
| locate *.ps |
find files with the ‘.ps‘ extension - first run ‘updatedb‘ command |
| 搜索扩展名为.ps的文件 |
| - 需要先运行updatedb命令 |
| whereis halt |
show location of a binary file,source or man |
| 搜索halt的路径 |
| which halt |
show full path to a binary / executable |
| 取得halt列表并寻找当halt作为命令给定时所运行的文件 |
| Mounting a Filesystem |
| 挂载文件系统 |
| mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 |
mount disk called hda2 - verify existence of the directory ‘/ mnt/hda2‘ |
| 挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备 |
| umount /dev/hda2 |
unmount disk called hda2 - exit from mount point ‘/ mnt/hda2‘ first |
| 取消挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备 |
| fuser -km /mnt/hda2 |
force umount when the device is busy |
| 强行取消挂载设备 |
| umount -n /mnt/hda2 |
run umount without writing the file /etc/mtab - useful when the file is read-only or the hard disk is full |
| 不记录挂载信息直接取消挂载 |
| - 当硬盘为只读或硬盘已满时很实用 |
| mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy |
mount a floppy disk |
| 挂载软盘 |
| mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom |
mount a cdrom / dvdrom |
| 挂载CDrom或DVDrom |
| mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder |
mount a cdrw / dvdrom |
| 挂载CD-RW或DVDrom |
| mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder |
mount a cdrw / dvdrom |
| 挂载CD-RW或DVDrom |
| mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom |
mount a file or iso image |
| 挂载一个文件或ISO光盘镜像 |
| mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 |
mount a Windows FAT32 file system |
| 挂载windows FAT32文件系统 |
| mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk |
mount a usb pen-drive or flash-drive |
| 挂载USB闪存设备 |
| mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //winclient/share /mnt/share |
mount a windows network share |
| 挂载windows网络共享 |
