jQuery中的deferred实现机制

    Deferred: function( func ) {
        var tuples = [
                // action, add listener, listener list, final state
                [ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks("once memory"), "resolved" ],
                [ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks("once memory"), "rejected" ],
                [ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks("memory") ]
            ],
            state = "pending",
            promise = {
                state: function() {
                    return state;
                },
                always: function() {
                    deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments );
                    return this;
                },
                then: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) {
                    var fns = arguments;
                    return jQuery.Deferred(function( newDefer ) {
                        jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) {
                            var fn = jQuery.isFunction( fns[ i ] ) && fns[ i ];
                            // deferred[ done | fail | progress ] for forwarding actions to newDefer
                            deferred[ tuple[1] ](function() {
                                var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments );
                                if ( returned && jQuery.isFunction( returned.promise ) ) {
                                    returned.promise()
                                        .done( newDefer.resolve )
                                        .fail( newDefer.reject )
                                        .progress( newDefer.notify );
                                } else {
                                    newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === promise ? newDefer.promise() : this, fn ? [ returned ] : arguments );
                                }
                            });
                        });
                        fns = null;
                    }).promise();
                },
                // Get a promise for this deferred
                // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object
                promise: function( obj ) {
                    return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise;
                }
            },
            deferred = {};

        // Keep pipe for back-compat
        promise.pipe = promise.then;

        // Add list-specific methods
        jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) {
            var list = tuple[ 2 ],
                stateString = tuple[ 3 ];

            // promise[ done | fail | progress ] = list.add
            promise[ tuple[1] ] = list.add;

            // Handle state
            if ( stateString ) {
                list.add(function() {
                    // state = [ resolved | rejected ]
                    state = stateString;

                // [ reject_list | resolve_list ].disable; progress_list.lock
                }, tuples[ i ^ 1 ][ 2 ].disable, tuples[ 2 ][ 2 ].lock );
            }

            // deferred[ resolve | reject | notify ]
            deferred[ tuple[0] ] = function() {
                deferred[ tuple[0] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? promise : this, arguments );
                return this;
            };
            deferred[ tuple[0] + "With" ] = list.fireWith;
        });

        // Make the deferred a promise
        promise.promise( deferred );

        // Call given func if any
        if ( func ) {
            func.call( deferred, deferred );
        }

        // All done!
        return deferred;
    }