oracle面试经典题

 1 问题描述： 为管理岗位业务培训信息，建立3个表:
 2 
 3 S (S#,SN,SD,SA) S#,SN,SD,SA 分别代表学号、学员姓名、所属单位、学员年龄
 4 
 5 C (C#,CN ) C#,CN 分别代表课程编号、课程名称
 6 
 7 SC ( S#,C#,G ) S#,C#,G 分别代表学号、所选修的课程编号、学习成绩
 8 
 9 要求实现如下5个处理：
10 1. 使用标准SQL嵌套语句查询选修课程名称为’税收基础’的学员学号和姓名 
11 --实现代码：
12 SELECT SN,SD FROM S
13 WHERE [S#] IN(
14     SELECT [S#] FROM C,SC
15     WHERE C.[C#]=SC.[C#]
16         AND CN=N‘税收基础‘)
17 
18 
19 2. 使用标准SQL嵌套语句查询选修课程编号为’C2’的学员姓名和所属单位
20 --实现代码：
21 SELECT S.SN,S.SD FROM S,SC
22 WHERE S.[S#]=SC.[S#]
23     AND SC.[C#]=‘C2‘
24 
25 3. 使用标准SQL嵌套语句查询不选修课程编号为’C5’的学员姓名和所属单位
26 --实现代码：
27 SELECT SN,SD FROM S
28 WHERE [S#] NOT IN(
29     SELECT [S#] FROM SC 
30     WHERE [C#]=‘C5‘)
31 
32 4. 使用标准SQL嵌套语句查询选修全部课程的学员姓名和所属单位
33 --实现代码：
34 SELECT SN,SD FROM S
35 WHERE [S#] IN(
36     SELECT [S#] FROM SC 
37         RIGHT JOIN C ON SC.[C#]=C.[C#]
38     GROUP BY [S#]
39     HAVING COUNT(*)=COUNT(DISTINCT [S#]))
40 
41 5. 查询选修了课程的学员人数
42 --实现代码：
43 SELECT 学员人数=COUNT(DISTINCT [S#]) FROM SC
44 
45 6. 查询选修课程超过5门的学员学号和所属单位
46 --实现代码：
47 SELECT SN,SD FROM S
48 WHERE [S#] IN(
49     SELECT [S#] FROM SC 
50     GROUP BY [S#]
51     HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT [C#])>5)

  1 sql面试题（学生表_课程表_成绩表_教师表）
  2 
  3 表架构
  4 
  5 Student(S#,Sname,Sage,Ssex) 学生表 
  6 Course(C#,Cname,T#) 课程表 
  7 SC(S#,C#,score) 成绩表 
  8 Teacher(T#,Tname) 教师表
  9 
 10 建表语句 
 11 
 12 CREATE TABLE student 
 13   ( 
 14      s#    INT, 
 15      sname nvarchar(32), 
 16      sage  INT, 
 17      ssex  nvarchar(8) 
 18   ) 
 19 
 20 CREATE TABLE course 
 21   ( 
 22      c#    INT, 
 23      cname nvarchar(32), 
 24      t#    INT 
 25   ) 
 26 
 27 CREATE TABLE sc 
 28   ( 
 29      s#    INT, 
 30      c#    INT, 
 31      score INT 
 32   ) 
 33 
 34 CREATE TABLE teacher 
 35   ( 
 36      t#    INT, 
 37      tname nvarchar(16) 
 38   )
 39 
 40 
 41 插入测试数据语句 
 42 insert into Student select 1,N‘刘一‘,18,N‘男‘ union all
 43  select 2,N‘钱二‘,19,N‘女‘ union all
 44  select 3,N‘张三‘,17,N‘男‘ union all
 45  select 4,N‘李四‘,18,N‘女‘ union all
 46  select 5,N‘王五‘,17,N‘男‘ union all
 47  select 6,N‘赵六‘,19,N‘女‘ 
 48  
 49  insert into Teacher select 1,N‘叶平‘ union all
 50  select 2,N‘贺高‘ union all
 51  select 3,N‘杨艳‘ union all
 52  select 4,N‘周磊‘
 53  
 54  insert into Course select 1,N‘语文‘,1 union all
 55  select 2,N‘数学‘,2 union all
 56  select 3,N‘英语‘,3 union all
 57  select 4,N‘物理‘,4
 58  
 59  insert into SC 
 60  select 1,1,56 union all 
 61  select 1,2,78 union all 
 62  select 1,3,67 union all 
 63  select 1,4,58 union all 
 64  select 2,1,79 union all 
 65  select 2,2,81 union all 
 66  select 2,3,92 union all 
 67  select 2,4,68 union all 
 68  select 3,1,91 union all 
 69  select 3,2,47 union all 
 70  select 3,3,88 union all 
 71  select 3,4,56 union all 
 72  select 4,2,88 union all 
 73  select 4,3,90 union all 
 74  select 4,4,93 union all 
 75  select 5,1,46 union all 
 76  select 5,3,78 union all 
 77  select 5,4,53 union all 
 78  select 6,1,35 union all 
 79  select 6,2,68 union all 
 80  select 6,4,71
 81 
 82 问题： 
 83 1、查询“001”课程比“002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号； 
 84   select a.S# from (select s#,score from SC where C#=‘001‘) a,(select 
 85 
 86 s#,score 
 87   from SC where C#=‘002‘) b 
 88   where a.score>b.score and a.s#=b.s#; 
 89 2、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩； 
 90     select S#,avg(score) 
 91     from sc 
 92     group by S# having avg(score) >60; 
 93 3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩； 
 94   select Student.S#,Student.Sname,count(SC.C#),sum(score) 
 95   from Student left Outer join SC on Student.S#=SC.S# 
 96   group by Student.S#,Sname 
 97 4、查询姓“李”的老师的个数； 
 98   select count(distinct(Tname)) 
 99   from Teacher 
100   where Tname like ‘李%‘; 
101 5、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名； 
102     select Student.S#,Student.Sname 
103     from Student  
104     where S# not in (select distinct( SC.S#) from SC,Course,Teacher 
105 
106 where  SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname=‘叶
107 
108 平‘); 
109 6、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名； 
110   select Student.S#,Student.Sname from Student,SC where 
111 
112 Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#=‘001‘and exists( Select * from SC as SC_2 
113 
114 where SC_2.S#=SC.S# and SC_2.C#=‘002‘); 
115 7、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名； 
116   select S#,Sname 
117   from Student 
118   where S# in (select S# from SC ,Course ,Teacher where 
119 
120 SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname=‘叶平‘ 
121 
122 group by S# having count(SC.C#)=(select count(C#) from Course,Teacher  
123 
124 where Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Tname=‘叶平‘)); 
125 8、查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、
126 
127 姓名； 
128   Select S#,Sname from (select Student.S#,Student.Sname,score ,(select 
129 
130 score from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S#=Student.S# and SC_2.C#=‘002‘) score2 
131   from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C#=‘001‘) S_2 where 
132 
133 score2 <score; 
134 9、查询所有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名； 
135   select S#,Sname 
136   from Student 
137   where S# not in (select S.S# from Student AS S,SC where S.S#=SC.S# 
138 
139 and score>60); 
140 10、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名； 
141     select Student.S#,Student.Sname 
142     from Student,SC 
143     where Student.S#=SC.S# group by  Student.S#,Student.Sname having 
144 
145 count(C#) <(select count(C#) from Course); 
146 11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“1001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名； 
147     select distinct S#,Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# 
148 
149 and SC.C# in (select C# from SC where S#=‘1001‘); 
150 12、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名； 
151     select distinct SC.S#,Sname 
152     from Student,SC 
153     where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in (select C# from SC where 
154 
155 S#=‘001‘); 
156 13、把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩； 
157     update SC set score=(select avg(SC_2.score) 
158     from SC SC_2 
159     where SC_2.C#=SC.C# ) from Course,Teacher where Course.C#=SC.C# 
160 
161 and Course.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname=‘叶平‘); 
162 14、查询和“1002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名； 
163     select S# from SC where C# in (select C# from SC where S#=‘1002‘) 
164     group by S# having count(*)=(select count(*) from SC where 
165 
166 S#=‘1002‘); 
167 15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录； 
168     Delect SC 
169     from course ,Teacher  
170     where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#= Teacher.T# and Tname=‘叶平‘; 
171 16、向SC表中插入一些记录，这些记录要求符合以下条件：没有上过编号“003
172 
173 ”课程的同学学号、2、 
174     号课的平均成绩； 
175     Insert SC select S#,‘002‘,(Select avg(score) 
176     from SC where C#=‘002‘) from Student where S# not in (Select S# 
177 
178 from SC where C#=‘002‘); 
179 17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的“数据库”、“企业管理”、“英语”
180 
181 三门的课程成绩，按如下形式显示： 学生ID,,数据库,企业管理,英语,有效课程
182 
183 数,有效平均分 
184     SELECT S# as 学生ID 
185         ,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#=‘004‘) AS 数据
186 
187 库 
188         ,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#=‘001‘) AS 企业
189 
190 管理 
191         ,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#=‘006‘) AS 英语 
192         ,COUNT(*) AS 有效课程数, AVG(t.score) AS 平均成绩 
193     FROM SC AS t 
194     GROUP BY S# 
195     ORDER BY avg(t.score)  
196 18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分 
197     SELECT L.C# As 课程ID,L.score AS 最高分,R.score AS 最低分 
198     FROM SC L ,SC AS R 
199     WHERE L.C# = R.C# and 
200         L.score = (SELECT MAX(IL.score) 
201                       FROM SC AS IL,Student AS IM 
202                       WHERE L.C# = IL.C# and IM.S#=IL.S# 
203                       GROUP BY IL.C#) 
204         AND 
205         R.Score = (SELECT MIN(IR.score) 
206                       FROM SC AS IR 
207                       WHERE R.C# = IR.C# 
208                   GROUP BY IR.C# 
209                     ); 
210 自己写的:select c# ,max(score)as 最高分 ,min(score) as 最低分 from 
211 
212 dbo.sc  group by c#
213 19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序 
214     SELECT t.C# AS 课程号,max(course.Cname)AS 课程名,isnull(AVG
215 
216 (score),0) AS 平均成绩 
217         ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN  isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 
218 
219 END)/COUNT(*) AS 及格百分数 
220     FROM SC T,Course 
221     where t.C#=course.C# 
222     GROUP BY t.C# 
223     ORDER BY 100 * SUM(CASE WHEN  isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 
224 
225 END)/COUNT(*) DESC 
226 20、查询如下课程平均成绩和及格率的百分数(用"1行"显示): 企业管理（001）
227 
228 ，马克思（002），OO&UML （003），数据库（004） 
229     SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN C# =‘001‘ THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# 
230 
231 WHEN ‘001‘ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理平均分 
232         ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘001‘ AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 
233 
234 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘001‘ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理及格百分数 
235         ,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘002‘ THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# 
236 
237 WHEN ‘002‘ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思平均分 
238         ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘002‘ AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 
239 
240 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘002‘ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思及格百分数 
241         ,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘003‘ THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# 
242 
243 WHEN ‘003‘ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML平均分 
244         ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘003‘ AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 
245 
246 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘003‘ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML及格百分数 
247         ,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘004‘ THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# 
248 
249 WHEN ‘004‘ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库平均分 
250         ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘004‘ AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 
251 
252 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘004‘ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库及格百分数 
253   FROM SC
254 21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示 
255   SELECT max(Z.T#) AS 教师ID,MAX(Z.Tname) AS 教师姓名,C.C# AS 课程ＩＤ
256 
257 ,MAX(C.Cname) AS 课程名称,AVG(Score) AS 平均成绩 
258     FROM SC AS T,Course AS C ,Teacher AS Z 
259     where T.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Z.T# 
260   GROUP BY C.C# 
261   ORDER BY AVG(Score) DESC 
262 22、查询如下课程成绩第 3 名到第 6 名的学生成绩单：企业管理（001），马
263 
264 克思（002），UML （003），数据库（004） 
265     [学生ID],[学生姓名],企业管理,马克思,UML,数据库,平均成绩 
266     SELECT  DISTINCT top 3 
267       SC.S# As 学生学号, 
268         Student.Sname AS 学生姓名 , 
269       T1.score AS 企业管理, 
270       T2.score AS 马克思, 
271       T3.score AS UML, 
272       T4.score AS 数据库, 
273       ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + 
274 
275 ISNULL(T4.score,0) as 总分 
276       FROM Student,SC  LEFT JOIN SC AS T1 
277                       ON SC.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = ‘001‘ 
278             LEFT JOIN SC AS T2 
279                       ON SC.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = ‘002‘ 
280             LEFT JOIN SC AS T3 
281                       ON SC.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = ‘003‘ 
282             LEFT JOIN SC AS T4 
283                       ON SC.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = ‘004‘ 
284       WHERE student.S#=SC.S# and 
285       ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + 
286 
287 ISNULL(T4.score,0) 
288       NOT IN 
289       (SELECT 
290             DISTINCT 
291             TOP 15 WITH TIES 
292             ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL
293 
294 (T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) 
295       FROM sc 
296             LEFT JOIN sc AS T1 
297                       ON sc.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = ‘k1‘ 
298             LEFT JOIN sc AS T2 
299                       ON sc.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = ‘k2‘ 
300             LEFT JOIN sc AS T3 
301                       ON sc.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = ‘k3‘ 
302             LEFT JOIN sc AS T4 
303                       ON sc.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = ‘k4‘ 
304       ORDER BY ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL
305 
306 (T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) DESC); 
307 
308 23、统计列印各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],
309 
310 [70-60],[ <60] 
311     SELECT SC.C# as 课程ID, Cname as 课程名称 
312         ,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 85 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 
313 
314 [100 - 85] 
315         ,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 70 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 
316 
317 [85 - 70] 
318         ,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 60 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 
319 
320 [70 - 60] 
321         ,SUM(CASE WHEN score < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [60 -] 
322     FROM SC,Course 
323     where SC.C#=Course.C# 
324     GROUP BY SC.C#,Cname; 
325 
326 24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次 
327       SELECT 1+(SELECT COUNT( distinct 平均成绩) 
328               FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) AS 平均成绩 
329                       FROM SC 
330                   GROUP BY S# 
331                   ) AS T1 
332             WHERE 平均成绩 > T2.平均成绩) as 名次, 
333       S# as 学生学号,平均成绩 
334     FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) 平均成绩 
335             FROM SC 
336         GROUP BY S# 
337         ) AS T2 
338     ORDER BY 平均成绩 desc; 
339   
340 25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况) 
341       SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数 
342       FROM SC t1 
343       WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 3 score 
344               FROM SC 
345               WHERE t1.C#= C# 
346             ORDER BY score DESC 
347               ) 
348       ORDER BY t1.C#; 
349 26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数 
350   select c#,count(S#) from sc group by C#; 
351 27、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名 
352   select SC.S#,Student.Sname,count(C#) AS 选课数 
353   from SC ,Student 
354   where SC.S#=Student.S# group by SC.S# ,Student.Sname having count
355 
356 (C#)=1; 
357 28、查询男生、女生人数 
358     Select count(Ssex) as 男生人数 from Student group by Ssex having 
359 
360 Ssex=‘男‘; 
361     Select count(Ssex) as 女生人数 from Student group by Ssex having 
362 
363 Ssex=‘女‘； 
364 29、查询姓“张”的学生名单 
365     SELECT Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname like ‘张%‘; 
366 30、查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数 
367   select Sname,count(*) from Student group by Sname having  count(*)
368 
369 >1;; 
370 31、1981年出生的学生名单(注：Student表中Sage列的类型是datetime) 
371     select Sname,  CONVERT(char (11),DATEPART(year,Sage)) as age 
372     from student 
373     where  CONVERT(char(11),DATEPART(year,Sage))=‘1981‘; 
374 32、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排列，平均成绩相同时，按
375 
376 课程号降序排列 
377     Select C#,Avg(score) from SC group by C# order by Avg(score),C# 
378 
379 DESC ; 
380 33、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩 
381     select Sname,SC.S# ,avg(score) 
382     from Student,SC 
383     where Student.S#=SC.S# group by SC.S#,Sname having    avg(score)
384 
385 >85; 
386 34、查询课程名称为“数据库”，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数 
387     Select Sname,isnull(score,0) 
388     from Student,SC,Course 
389     where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# and  Course.Cname=‘数据
390 
391 库‘and score <60; 
392 35、查询所有学生的选课情况； 
393     SELECT SC.S#,SC.C#,Sname,Cname 
394     FROM SC,Student,Course 
395     where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# ; 
396 36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数； 
397     SELECT  distinct student.S#,student.Sname,SC.C#,SC.score 
398     FROM student,Sc 
399     WHERE SC.score>=70 AND SC.S#=student.S#; 
400 37、查询不及格的课程，并按课程号从大到小排列 
401     select c# from sc where scor e <60 order by C# ; 
402 38、查询课程编号为003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名； 
403     select SC.S#,Student.Sname from SC,Student where SC.S#=Student.S# 
404 
405 and Score>80 and C#=‘003‘; 
406 39、求选了课程的学生人数 
407     select count(*) from sc; 
408 40、查询选修“叶平”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩 
409     select Student.Sname,score 
410     from Student,SC,Course C,Teacher 
411     where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Teacher.T# and 
412 
413 Teacher.Tname=‘叶平‘ and SC.score=(select max(score)from SC where 
414 
415 C#=C.C# ); 
416 41、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数 
417     select count(*) from sc group by C#; 
418 42、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩 
419   select distinct  A.S#,B.score from SC A  ,SC B where A.Score=B.Score 
420 
421 and A.C# <>B.C# ; 
422 43、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名 
423     SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数 
424       FROM SC t1 
425       WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 2 score 
426               FROM SC 
427               WHERE t1.C#= C# 
428             ORDER BY score DESC 
429               ) 
430       ORDER BY t1.C#; 
431 44、统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过10人的课程才统计）。要求输出课程号
432 
433 和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同
434 
435 ，按课程号升序排列  
436     select  C# as 课程号,count(*) as 人数 
437     from  sc  
438     group  by  C# 
439     order  by  count(*) desc,c#  
440 45、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号 
441     select  S#  
442     from  sc  
443     group  by  s# 
444     having  count(*)  >  =  2 
445 46、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名 
446     select  C#,Cname  
447     from  Course  
448     where  C#  in  (select  c#  from  sc group  by  c#)  
449 47、查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名 
450     select Sname from Student where S# not in (select S# from 
451 
452 Course,Teacher,SC where Course.T#=Teacher.T# and SC.C#=course.C# and 
453 
454 Tname=‘叶平‘); 
455 48、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩 
456     select S#,avg(isnull(score,0)) from SC where S# in (select S# from 
457 
458 SC where score <60 group by S# having count(*)>2)group by S#; 
459 49、检索“004”课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的同学学号 
460     select S# from SC where C#=‘004‘and score <60 order by score desc; 
461 50、删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩 
462 delete from Sc where S#=‘001‘and C#=‘001‘;

  1 问题描述：
  2 
  3 本题用到下面三个关系表：
  4 
  5 CARD 借书卡。 CNO 卡号，NAME 姓名，CLASS 班级
  6 
  7 BOOKS 图书。 BNO 书号，BNAME 书名,AUTHOR 作者，PRICE 单价，QUANTITY 库存册数
  8 
  9 BORROW 借书记录。 CNO 借书卡号，BNO 书号，RDATE 还书日期
 10 
 11 备注：限定每人每种书只能借一本；库存册数随借书、还书而改变。
 12 
 13 要求实现如下15个处理：
 14 1. 写出建立BORROW表的SQL语句，要求定义主码完整性约束和引用完整性约束
 15 --实现代码：
 16 CREATE TABLE BORROW(
 17     CNO int FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES CARD(CNO),
 18     BNO int FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES BOOKS(BNO),
 19     RDATE datetime,
 20     PRIMARY KEY(CNO,BNO)) 
 21 
 22 2. 找出借书超过5本的读者,输出借书卡号及所借图书册数
 23 --实现代码：
 24 SELECT CNO,借图书册数=COUNT(*)
 25 FROM BORROW
 26 GROUP BY CNO
 27 HAVING COUNT(*)>5
 28 
 29 3. 查询借阅了"水浒"一书的读者，输出姓名及班级
 30 --实现代码：
 31 SELECT * FROM CARD c
 32 WHERE EXISTS(
 33     SELECT * FROM BORROW a,BOOKS b 
 34     WHERE a.BNO=b.BNO
 35         AND b.BNAME=N‘水浒‘
 36         AND a.CNO=c.CNO) 
 37 
 38 4. 查询过期未还图书，输出借阅者（卡号）、书号及还书日期
 39 --实现代码：
 40 SELECT * FROM BORROW 
 41 WHERE RDATE<GETDATE() 
 42 
 43 5. 查询书名包括"网络"关键词的图书，输出书号、书名、作者
 44 --实现代码：
 45 SELECT BNO,BNAME,AUTHOR FROM BOOKS
 46 WHERE BNAME LIKE N‘%网络%‘ 
 47 
 48 6. 查询现有图书中价格最高的图书，输出书名及作者
 49 --实现代码：
 50 SELECT BNO,BNAME,AUTHOR FROM BOOKS
 51 WHERE PRICE=(
 52     SELECT MAX(PRICE) FROM BOOKS) 
 53 
 54 7. 查询当前借了"计算方法"但没有借"计算方法习题集"的读者，输出其借书卡号，并按卡号降序排序输出
 55 --实现代码：
 56 SELECT a.CNO
 57 FROM BORROW a,BOOKS b
 58 WHERE a.BNO=b.BNO AND b.BNAME=N‘计算方法‘
 59     AND NOT EXISTS(
 60         SELECT * FROM BORROW aa,BOOKS bb
 61         WHERE aa.BNO=bb.BNO
 62             AND bb.BNAME=N‘计算方法习题集‘
 63             AND aa.CNO=a.CNO)
 64 ORDER BY a.CNO DESC 
 65 
 66 8. 将"C01"班同学所借图书的还期都延长一周
 67 --实现代码：
 68 UPDATE b SET RDATE=DATEADD(Day,7,b.RDATE)
 69 FROM CARD a,BORROW b
 70 WHERE a.CNO=b.CNO
 71     AND a.CLASS=N‘C01‘ 
 72 
 73 9. 从BOOKS表中删除当前无人借阅的图书记录
 74 --实现代码：
 75 DELETE A FROM BOOKS a
 76 WHERE NOT EXISTS(
 77     SELECT * FROM BORROW
 78     WHERE BNO=a.BNO) 
 79 
 80 10. 如果经常按书名查询图书信息，请建立合适的索引
 81 --实现代码：
 82 CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX IDX_BOOKS_BNAME ON BOOKS(BNAME)
 83 
 84 11. 在BORROW表上建立一个触发器，完成如下功能：如果读者借阅的书名是"数据库技术及应用"，就将该读者的借阅记录保存在BORROW_SAVE表中（注ORROW_SAVE表结构同BORROW表）
 85 --实现代码：
 86 CREATE TRIGGER TR_SAVE ON BORROW
 87 FOR INSERT,UPDATE
 88 AS
 89 IF @@ROWCOUNT>0
 90 INSERT BORROW_SAVE SELECT i.*
 91 FROM INSERTED i,BOOKS b
 92 WHERE i.BNO=b.BNO
 93     AND b.BNAME=N‘数据库技术及应用‘ 
 94 
 95 12. 建立一个视图，显示"力01"班学生的借书信息（只要求显示姓名和书名）
 96 --实现代码：
 97 CREATE VIEW V_VIEW
 98 AS
 99 SELECT a.NAME,b.BNAME
100 FROM BORROW ab,CARD a,BOOKS b
101 WHERE ab.CNO=a.CNO
102     AND ab.BNO=b.BNO
103     AND a.CLASS=N‘力01‘
104 
105 13. 查询当前同时借有"计算方法"和"组合数学"两本书的读者，输出其借书卡号，并按卡号升序排序输出
106 --实现代码：
107 SELECT a.CNO
108 FROM BORROW a,BOOKS b
109 WHERE a.BNO=b.BNO
110     AND b.BNAME IN(N‘计算方法‘,N‘组合数学‘)
111 GROUP BY a.CNO
112 HAVING COUNT(*)=2
113 ORDER BY a.CNO DESC 
114 
115 14. 假定在建BOOKS表时没有定义主码，写出为BOOKS表追加定义主码的语句
116 --实现代码：
117 ALTER TABLE BOOKS ADD PRIMARY KEY(BNO) 
118 
119 15.1 将NAME最大列宽增加到10个字符（假定原为6个字符）
120 --实现代码：
121 ALTER TABLE CARD ALTER COLUMN NAME varchar(10) 
122 
123 15.2 为该表增加1列NAME（系名），可变长，最大20个字符
124 --实现代码：
125 ALTER TABLE CARD ADD 系名 varchar(20)