CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DeptMaterialDetails](
    [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [DeptName] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [MaterialName] [varchar](100) NULL,
    [Number] [int] NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_DeptMaterialDetails] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
    [Id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

    /// <summary>
    /// 数据访问层类型
    /// </summary>
    public class DataHelper
    {
        private static readonly String conn_String = "Server=localhost;Integrated Security=true;database=TestDB";

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用给定的sql来访问数据库
        /// 返回SqlDataReader对象，提供连接式访问
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">SQL命令</param>
        /// <returns>SqlDataReader对象</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader GetReader(String sql)
        {
            SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(conn_String);
            try
            {
                // 打开连接，执行查询
                // 并且返回SqlDataReader
                con.Open();
                using (SqlCommand cmd = con.CreateCommand())
                {
                    cmd.CommandText = sql;
                    SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader
                                    (CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
                    return dr;
                }
            }
            // 连接数据库随时可能发生异常
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                if (con.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                {
                    con.Close();
                }
                return null;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 使用数据库访问层
    /// 连接式读取数据
    /// </summary>
    class Program
    {
        // SQL命令
        private static readonly String sql = "select * from dbo.DeptMaterialDetails";

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 使用连接式方法读取数据源
            using (SqlDataReader reader = DataHelper.GetReader(sql))
            {
                // 得到列数
                int colcount = reader.FieldCount;
                // 打印列名
                for (int i = 0; i < colcount; i++)
                {
                    Console.Write("{0}  ", reader.GetName(i));
                }
                Console.WriteLine();
                // 顺序读取每一行，并打印
                while (reader.Read())
                {
                    for (int i = 0; i < colcount; i++)
                    {
                        Console.Write("{0}\t", reader[i].ToString());
                    }
                    Console.WriteLine();
                }
                reader.Close();
            }

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 数据访问层类型
    /// </summary>
    public class DataHelper
    {
        private static readonly String conn_String = "Server=localhost;Integrated Security=true;database=TestDB";

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用给定的sql来访问数据库
        /// 返回DataSet对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">SQL命令</param>
        /// <returns>DataSet对象</returns>
        public static DataSet GetDataSet(String sql)
        {
            SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(conn_String);
            DataSet ds = new DataSet();
            try
            {
                // 打开连接，执行查询
                // 并且返回DataSet
                con.Open();
                using (SqlDataAdapter sd = new SqlDataAdapter(sql, con))
                {
                    // 这里数据将被批量读入
                    sd.Fill(ds);
                }
                return ds;
            }
            // 连接数据库随时可能发生异常
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                if (con.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                {
                    con.Close();
                }
                return ds;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 使用数据库访问层
    /// 脱机式读取数据
    /// </summary>
    class Program
    {
        //SQL命令
        private static readonly String sql = "select * from dbo.DeptMaterialDetails";

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            DataSet ds = DataHelper.GetDataSet(sql);
            // 打印结果，这里假设只对DataSet中的第一个表感兴趣
            DataTable dt = ds.Tables[0];
            // 打印列名
            foreach (DataColumn column in dt.Columns)
            {
                Console.Write("{0}  ", column.ColumnName);
            }
            Console.WriteLine();
            // 打印表内容
            foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
                {
                    Console.Write("{0}  ", row[i].ToString());
                }
                Console.WriteLine();
            }

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

    public class DataHelper
    {
        private static readonly string conn_string = "Server=localhost;Integrated Security=true;database=TestDB";
        //选择、更新、删除和插入的SQL命令
        static readonly string SQL_SELECT = "SELECT * FROM DeptMaterialDetails";
        static readonly string SQL_UPDATE = "UPDATE DeptMaterialDetails SET Department=@Department,Item=@Item,Number=@Number where Id=@Id";
        static readonly string SQL_DELETE = "DELETE FROM DeptMaterialDetails where Id=@Id";
        static readonly string SQL_INSERT = "Insert INTO DeptMaterialDetails (Department,Item,Number) VALUES (@Department,@Item,@Number)";

        /// <summary>
        /// 得到SqlDataAdapter，私有方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="con"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static SqlDataAdapter GetDataAdapter(SqlConnection con)
        {
            SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter();
            sda.SelectCommand = new SqlCommand(SQL_SELECT, con);
            sda.UpdateCommand = new SqlCommand(SQL_UPDATE, con);
            sda.DeleteCommand = new SqlCommand(SQL_DELETE, con);
            sda.InsertCommand = new SqlCommand(SQL_INSERT, con);
            sda.UpdateCommand.Parameters.AddRange(GetUpdatePars());
            sda.InsertCommand.Parameters.AddRange(GetInsertPars());
            sda.DeleteCommand.Parameters.AddRange(GetDeletePars());
            return sda;
        }

        // 三个SqlCommand的参数
        private static SqlParameter[] GetInsertPars()
        {
            SqlParameter[] pars = new SqlParameter[3];
            pars[0] = new SqlParameter("@Department", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50, "Department");
            pars[1] = new SqlParameter("@Item", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50, "Item");
            pars[2] = new SqlParameter("@Number", SqlDbType.Int, 4, "Number");
            return pars;
        }

        private static SqlParameter[] GetUpdatePars()
        {
            SqlParameter[] pars = new SqlParameter[4];
            pars[0] = new SqlParameter("@Id", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50, "Id");
            pars[1] = new SqlParameter("@Department", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50, "Department");
            pars[2] = new SqlParameter("@Item", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50, "Item");
            pars[3] = new SqlParameter("@Number", SqlDbType.Int, 4, "Number");
            return pars;
        }

        private static SqlParameter[] GetDeletePars()
        {
            SqlParameter[] pars = new SqlParameter[1];
            pars[0] = new SqlParameter("@Id", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50, "Id");
            return pars;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 更新数据库，使用批量更新
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ds">数据集</param>
        public static void Update(DataSet ds)
        {
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(conn_string))
            {
                connection.Open();
                using (SqlDataAdapter adapater = GetDataAdapter(connection))
                {
                    // 设置批量更新
                    adapater.UpdateBatchSize = 0;
                    adapater.Update(ds);
                }
            }
        }
    }