不知不觉这个系列已经写了三篇了,其实很早之前就想写设计模式了,只不过怕自己误人子弟没有提笔去写。后来在实际开发中,发现设计模式可以让一个开发人员融会贯通所学的知识,为了进一步巩固自己,就写下了这一些列文章。前面介绍了三个模式。
本篇文章介绍的模式其实很简单,即原型模式,按照惯例,先看定义。
用原型实例指定创建对象的种类,并通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象。
这是什么鬼哦,本宝宝看不懂!不必过度在意这些定义,自己心里明白就ok了。没代码你说个jb。
首先我们定义一个Person类
public class Person{
private String name;
private int age;
private double height;
private double weight;
public Person(){
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public double getHeight() {
return height;
}
public void setHeight(double height) {
this.height = height;
}
public double getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(double weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name=‘" + name + ‘\‘‘ +
", age=" + age +
", height=" + height +
", weight=" + weight +
‘}‘;
}
}
要实现原型模式,只需要按照下面的几个步骤去实现即可。
public class Person implements Cloneable{
}
@Override
public Object clone(){
return null;
}
@Override
public Object clone(){
Person person=null;
try {
person=(Person)super.clone();
person.name=this.name;
person.weight=this.weight;
person.height=this.height;
person.age=this.age;
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return person;
}
测试一下
public class Main {
public static void main(String [] args){
Person p=new Person();
p.setAge(18);
p.setName("张三");
p.setHeight(178);
p.setWeight(65);
System.out.println(p);
Person p1= (Person) p.clone();
System.out.println(p1);
p1.setName("李四");
System.out.println(p);
System.out.println(p1);
}
}
输出结果如下
Person{name=’张三’, age=18, height=178.0, weight=65.0}
Person{name=’张三’, age=18, height=178.0, weight=65.0}
Person{name=’张三’, age=18, height=178.0, weight=65.0}
Person{name=’李四’, age=18, height=178.0, weight=65.0}
试想一下,两个不同的人,除了姓名不一样,其他三个属性都一样,用原型模式进行拷贝就会显得异常简单,这也是原型模式的应用场景之一。
一个对象需要提供给其他对象访问,而且各个调用者可能都需要修改其值时,可以考虑使用原型模式拷贝多个对象供调用者使用,即保护性拷贝。
但是假设Person类里还有一个属性叫兴趣爱好,是一个List集合,就像这样子
private ArrayList<String> hobbies=new ArrayList<String>();
public ArrayList<String> getHobbies() {
return hobbies;
}
public void setHobbies(ArrayList<String> hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
在进行拷贝的时候要格外注意,如果你直接按之前的代码那样拷贝
@Override
public Object clone(){
Person person=null;
try {
person=(Person)super.clone();
person.name=this.name;
person.weight=this.weight;
person.height=this.height;
person.age=this.age;
person.hobbies=this.hobbies;
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return person;
}
会带来一个问题
使用测试代码进行测试
public class Main {
public static void main(String [] args){
Person p=new Person();
p.setAge(18);
p.setName("张三");
p.setHeight(178);
p.setWeight(65);
ArrayList <String> hobbies=new ArrayList<String>();
hobbies.add("篮球");
hobbies.add("编程");
hobbies.add("长跑");
p.setHobbies(hobbies);
System.out.println(p);
Person p1= (Person) p.clone();
System.out.println(p1);
p1.setName("李四");
p1.getHobbies().add("游泳");
System.out.println(p);
System.out.println(p1);
}
}
我们拷贝了一个对象,并添加了一个兴趣爱好进去,看下打印结果
Person{name=’张三’, age=18, height=178.0, weight=65.0, hobbies=[篮球, 编程, 长跑]}
Person{name=’张三’, age=18, height=178.0, weight=65.0, hobbies=[篮球, 编程, 长跑]}
Person{name=’张三’, age=18, height=178.0, weight=65.0, hobbies=[篮球, 编程, 长跑, 游泳]}
Person{name=’李四’, age=18, height=178.0, weight=65.0, hobbies=[篮球, 编程, 长跑, 游泳]}
你会发现原来的对象的hobby也发生了变换。
其实导致这个问题的本质原因是我们只进行了浅拷贝,也就是只拷贝了引用,最终两个对象指向的引用是同一个,一个发生变化另一个也会发生变换,显然解决方法就是使用深拷贝。
@Override
public Object clone(){
Person person=null;
try {
person=(Person)super.clone();
person.name=this.name;
person.weight=this.weight;
person.height=this.height;
person.age=this.age;
person.hobbies=(ArrayList<String>)this.hobbies.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return person;
}
注意person.hobbies=(ArrayList)this.hobbies.clone();,不再是直接引用而是进行了一份拷贝。再运行一下,就会发现原来的对象不会再发生变化了。
Person{name=’张三’, age=18, height=178.0, weight=65.0, hobbies=[篮球, 编程, 长跑]}
Person{name=’张三’, age=18, height=178.0, weight=65.0, hobbies=[篮球, 编程, 长跑]}
Person{name=’张三’, age=18, height=178.0, weight=65.0, hobbies=[篮球, 编程, 长跑]}
Person{name=’李四’, age=18, height=178.0, weight=65.0, hobbies=[篮球, 编程, 长跑, 游泳]}
其实有时候我们会更多的看到原型模式的另一种写法。
@Override
public Object clone(){
return new Person(this);
}
public Person(Person person){
this.name=person.name;
this.weight=person.weight;
this.height=person.height;
this.age=person.age;
this.hobbies= new ArrayList<String>(hobbies);
}
其实都差不多,只是写法不一样。
现在来挖挖android中的原型模式。
先看Bundle类,该类实现了Cloneable接口
public Object clone() {
return new Bundle(this);
}
public Bundle(Bundle b) {
super(b);
mHasFds = b.mHasFds;
mFdsKnown = b.mFdsKnown;
}
然后是Intent类,该类也实现了Cloneable接口
@Override
public Object clone() {
return new Intent(this);
}
public Intent(Intent o) {
this.mAction = o.mAction;
this.mData = o.mData;
this.mType = o.mType;
this.mPackage = o.mPackage;
this.mComponent = o.mComponent;
this.mFlags = o.mFlags;
this.mContentUserHint = o.mContentUserHint;
if (o.mCategories != null) {
this.mCategories = new ArraySet<String>(o.mCategories);
}
if (o.mExtras != null) {
this.mExtras = new Bundle(o.mExtras);
}
if (o.mSourceBounds != null) {
this.mSourceBounds = new Rect(o.mSourceBounds);
}
if (o.mSelector != null) {
this.mSelector = new Intent(o.mSelector);
}
if (o.mClipData != null) {
this.mClipData = new ClipData(o.mClipData);
}
}
用法也显得十分简单,一旦我们要用的Intent与现有的一个Intent很多东西都是一样的,那我们就可以直接拷贝现有的Intent,再修改不同的地方,便可以直接使用。
Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:10086");
Intent shareIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
shareIntent.putExtra("sms_body", "hello");
Intent intent = (Intent)shareIntent.clone() ;
startActivity(intent);
网络请求中一个最常见的开源库OkHttp中,也应用了原型模式。它就在OkHttpClient这个类中,它实现了Cloneable接口
/** Returns a shallow copy of this OkHttpClient. */
@Override
public OkHttpClient clone() {
return new OkHttpClient(this);
}
private OkHttpClient(OkHttpClient okHttpClient) {
this.routeDatabase = okHttpClient.routeDatabase;
this.dispatcher = okHttpClient.dispatcher;
this.proxy = okHttpClient.proxy;
this.protocols = okHttpClient.protocols;
this.connectionSpecs = okHttpClient.connectionSpecs;
this.interceptors.addAll(okHttpClient.interceptors);
this.networkInterceptors.addAll(okHttpClient.networkInterceptors);
this.proxySelector = okHttpClient.proxySelector;
this.cookieHandler = okHttpClient.cookieHandler;
this.cache = okHttpClient.cache;
this.internalCache = cache != null ? cache.internalCache : okHttpClient.internalCache;
this.socketFactory = okHttpClient.socketFactory;
this.sslSocketFactory = okHttpClient.sslSocketFactory;
this.hostnameVerifier = okHttpClient.hostnameVerifier;
this.certificatePinner = okHttpClient.certificatePinner;
this.authenticator = okHttpClient.authenticator;
this.connectionPool = okHttpClient.connectionPool;
this.network = okHttpClient.network;
this.followSslRedirects = okHttpClient.followSslRedirects;
this.followRedirects = okHttpClient.followRedirects;
this.retryOnConnectionFailure = okHttpClient.retryOnConnectionFailure;
this.connectTimeout = okHttpClient.connectTimeout;
this.readTimeout = okHttpClient.readTimeout;
this.writeTimeout = okHttpClient.writeTimeout;
}
正如开头的注释Returns a shallow copy of this OkHttpClient,该clone方法返回了一个当前对象的深拷贝对象。
至于其他框架中的原型模式,请读者自行发现。
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,未经博主允许不得转载。
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/sbsujjbcy/article/details/49302717