iOS开发 - AFNetworking网络请求

AFNetworking

什么是AFN
全称是AFNetworking，是对NSURLConnection、NSURLSession的一层封装
虽然运行效率没有ASI高，但是使用比ASI简单
在iOS开发中，使用比较广泛

AFN的github地址
https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking

AFHTTPRequestOperationManager

是AFN中最重要的对象之一
封装了HTTP请求的常见处理
GET\POST请求
解析服务器的响应数据

创建

AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];

GET\POST请求

//GET请求
- (AFHTTPRequestOperation *)GET:(NSString *)URLString
                     parameters:(id)parameters
                        success:(void (^)(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject))success
                        failure:(void (^)(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error))failure

//POST请求
- (AFHTTPRequestOperation *)POST:(NSString *)URLString
                      parameters:(id)parameters
                         success:(void (^)(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject))success
                         failure:(void (^)(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error))failure

文件上传

- (AFHTTPRequestOperation *)POST:(NSString *)URLString
                      parameters:(id)parameters
       constructingBodyWithBlock:(void (^)(id <AFMultipartFormData> formData))block
                         success:(void (^)(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject))success
                         failure:(void (^)(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error))failure

监控联网状态

AFNetworkReachabilityManager *manager = [AFNetworkReachabilityManager sharedManager];
[manager startMonitoring];

[manager setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) {
    NSLog(@"%d", status);
}];

提示：要监控网络连接状态，必须要先调用单例的startMonitoring方法

1.AFHTTPRequestOperationManager
* 对NSURLConnection的封装

2.AFHTTPSessionManager
* 对NSURLSession的封装

对服务器返回数据的解析

1.AFN可以自动对服务器返回的数据进行解析
* 默认将服务器返回的数据当做JSON来解析

2.设置对服务器返回数据的解析方式
1> 当做是JSON来解析（默认做法）
* mgr.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];
* responseObject的类型是NSDictionary或者NSArray

2> 当做是XML来解析
* mgr.responseSerializer = [AFXMLParserResponseSerializer serializer];
* responseObject的类型是NSXMLParser

3> 直接返回data
* 意思是：告诉AFN不要去解析服务器返回的数据，保持原来的data即可
* mgr.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];

3.注意
* 服务器返回的数据一定要跟responseSerializer对得上
1> 服务器返回的是JSON数据
* AFJSONResponseSerializer
* AFHTTPResponseSerializer

2> 服务器返回的是XML数据
* AFXMLParserResponseSerializer
* AFHTTPResponseSerializer

3> 服务器返回的是其他数据
* AFHTTPResponseSerializer

AFNetworking网络请求实例

#import "AFNetworking.h"

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
    [self postJSON];
}

- (void)getSession
{
    // AFHTTPSessionManager 对 NSURLSession 的封装
    AFHTTPSessionManager *mgr = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
    [mgr GET:@"" parameters:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject) {

    } failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error) {

    }];
}

/**
 *  利用AFN发送一个POST请求，服务器返回的JSON数据
 */
- (void)postJSON
{
    // AFHTTPRequestOperationManager 对 NSURLConnection的封装

    // 1.创建一个请求操作管理者
    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];

    // 2.请求参数
    NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    params[@"username"] = @"哈哈哈";
    params[@"pwd"] = @"123";

    // 3.发送一个GET请求
    NSString *url = @"http://localhost:8080/MJServer/login";
    [mgr POST:url parameters:params
     success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
         // 请求成功的时候调用这个block
         NSLog(@"请求成功---%@", responseObject);
     } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
         // 请求失败的时候调用调用这个block
         NSLog(@"请求失败");
     }];
}

/**
 *  利用AFN发送一个GET请求，服务器返回的JSON数据，让AFN直接返回data
 */
- (void)getData
{
    // 1.创建一个请求操作管理者
    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
    // 声明：不要对服务器返回的数据进行解析，直接返回data即可
    // 如果是文件下载，肯定是用这个
    // responseObject的类型是NSData
    mgr.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];

    // 2.请求参数
    NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    params[@"username"] = @"哈哈哈";
    params[@"pwd"] = @"123";

    // 3.发送一个GET请求
    NSString *url = @"http://localhost:8080/MJServer/login";
    [mgr GET:url parameters:params
     success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
         // 请求成功的时候调用这个block
         NSDictionary *dict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:responseObject options:NSJSONReadingMutableLeaves error:nil];

         NSLog(@"%@", dict);
     } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
         // 请求失败的时候调用调用这个block
         NSLog(@"请求失败");
     }];
}

/**
 *  利用AFN发送一个GET请求，服务器返回的XML数据
 */
- (void)getXML
{
    // 1.创建一个请求操作管理者
    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
    // 声明：等会服务器返回的是XML数据
    // responseObject的类型是NSXMLParser
    mgr.responseSerializer = [AFXMLParserResponseSerializer serializer];

    // 2.请求参数
    NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    params[@"username"] = @"哈哈哈";
    params[@"pwd"] = @"123";
    params[@"type"] = @"XML";

    // 3.发送一个GET请求
    NSString *url = @"http://localhost:8080/MJServer/login";
    [mgr GET:url parameters:params
     success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
         // 请求成功的时候调用这个block
         NSLog(@"请求成功--%@", responseObject);
//         responseObject.delegate = self;
//         [responseObject parse];
     } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
         // 请求失败的时候调用调用这个block
         NSLog(@"请求失败");
     }];
}

/**
 *  利用AFN发送一个GET请求，服务器返回的JSON数据
 */
- (void)getJSON
{
    // 1.创建一个请求操作管理者
    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
    // 声明一下：服务器返回的是JSON数据
    //    mgr.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];
    // responseObject的类型是NSDictionary或者NSArray

    // 2.请求参数
    NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    params[@"username"] = @"哈哈哈";
    params[@"pwd"] = @"123";

    // 3.发送一个GET请求
    NSString *url = @"http://localhost:8080/Server/login";
    [mgr GET:url parameters:params
     success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
         // 请求成功的时候调用这个block
         NSLog(@"请求成功---%@", responseObject);
     } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
         // 请求失败的时候调用调用这个block
         NSLog(@"请求失败");
     }];
}

@end

AFNetworking文件上传实例

#import "AFNetworking.h"

@interface ViewController () <UINavigationControllerDelegate, UIImagePickerControllerDelegate,UIActionSheetDelegate>
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *imageView;
- (IBAction)upload;
@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
    UIActionSheet *sheet = [[UIActionSheet alloc] initWithTitle:@"请选择图片" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"取消" destructiveButtonTitle:nil otherButtonTitles:@"拍照", @"相册", nil];
    [sheet showInView:self.view.window];
}

#pragma mark - UIActionSheet
- (void)actionSheet:(UIActionSheet *)actionSheet clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex
{
    UIImagePickerController *ipc = [[UIImagePickerController alloc] init];
    // 设置代理
    ipc.delegate = self;

    switch (buttonIndex) {
        case 0: { // 拍照
            if (![UIImagePickerController isSourceTypeAvailable:UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera]) return;
            ipc.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera;
            break;
        }
        case 1: { // 相册
            if (![UIImagePickerController isSourceTypeAvailable:UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypePhotoLibrary]) return;
            ipc.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypePhotoLibrary;
            break;
        }
        default:
            break;
    }

    // 显示控制器
    [self presentViewController:ipc animated:YES completion:nil];
}

#pragma mark - UIImagePickerControllerDelegate
/**
 *  在选择完图片后调用
 *
 *  @param info   里面包含了图片信息
 */
- (void)imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo:(NSDictionary *)info
{
    // 销毁控制器
    [picker dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];

    // 获得图片
    UIImage *image = info[UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage];

    // 显示图片
    self.imageView.image = image;
}

- (void)upload1
{
    // 1.创建一个管理者
    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];

    // 2.封装参数(这个字典只能放非文件参数)
    NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    params[@"username"] = @"123";
    params[@"age"] = @20;
    params[@"pwd"] = @"456";
    params[@"height"] = @1.55;

    // 2.发送一个请求
    NSString *url = @"http://localhost:8080/MJServer/upload";
    [mgr POST:url parameters:params constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
        // 在发送请求之前会自动调用这个block
        // 需要在这个block中添加文件参数到formData中

        /**
         FileURL : 需要上传的文件的URL路径
         name : 服务器那边接收文件用的参数名
         fileName : （告诉服务器）所上传文件的文件名
         mimeType : 所上传文件的文件类型
         */
        NSURL *url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"itcast" withExtension:@"txt"];
        [formData appendPartWithFileURL:url name:@"file" fileName:@"test.txt" mimeType:@"text/plain" error:nil];

        /**
         FileData : 需要上传的文件的具体数据
         name : 服务器那边接收文件用的参数名
         fileName : （告诉服务器）所上传文件的文件名
         mimeType : 所上传文件的文件类型
         */
        //        UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"minion_01"];
        //        NSData *fileData = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);
        //        [formData appendPartWithFileData:fileData name:@"file" fileName:@"haha.png" mimeType:@"image/png"];
    } success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
        NSLog(@"上传成功");
    } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
        NSLog(@"上传失败");
    }];
}

- (IBAction)upload {
    if (self.imageView.image == nil) return;

    // 1.创建一个管理者
    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];

    // 2.封装参数(这个字典只能放非文件参数)
    NSMutableDictionary *params = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    params[@"username"] = @"123";
    params[@"age"] = @20;
    params[@"pwd"] = @"456";
    params[@"height"] = @1.55;

    // 2.发送一个请求
    NSString *url = @"http://192.168.15.172:8080/Server/upload";
    [mgr POST:url parameters:params constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
        NSData *fileData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(self.imageView.image, 1.0);
        [formData appendPartWithFileData:fileData name:@"file" fileName:@"haha.jpg" mimeType:@"image/jpeg"];

        // 不是用这个方法来设置文件参数
//        [formData appendPartWithFormData:fileData name:@"file"];
    } success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
        NSLog(@"上传成功");
    } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
        NSLog(@"上传失败");
    }];

    // 文件下载，文件比较大，断点续传技术：普遍所有的HTTP服务器都支持
    // 文件上传，文件比较大，断点续传技术：一般的HTTP服务器都不支持，常用的技术用的是Socket（TCP\IP、UDP）
}
@end