用Java操纵HBase数据库（新建表，插入，删除，查找）

package db.insert;
/*
 * 创建一个students表,并进行相关操作
 */
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ZooKeeperConnectionException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
 
public class HBaseDBDao implements Serializable{
    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    // 声明静态配置
    private static Configuration conf = null;
    private static HBaseAdmin hAdmin;
    private static HTable table;
    
    public HBaseDBDao(){
         conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
         conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "192.168.1.154");
         conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181");
         conf.set("hbase.master", "192.168.1.154:6000");
         try {
            //初始化数据库管理员
            hAdmin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
        } catch (MasterNotRunningException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ZooKeeperConnectionException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    //初始化HTable，在插入数据，查询数据之前必须先初始化
    public void initHTable(String tableName) throws IOException{
        table = new HTable(conf, tableName);
    }
    //判断表是否存在
    public boolean isExist(String tableName) throws IOException {
        return hAdmin.tableExists(tableName);
    }
 
    // 创建数据库表
    public void createTable(String tableName, String[] columnFamilys)
            throws Exception {
        if (hAdmin.tableExists(tableName)) {
            System.out.println("表 "+tableName+" 已存在！");
            System.exit(0);
        } else {
            // 新建一个表的描述
            HTableDescriptor tableDesc = new HTableDescriptor(tableName);
            // 在描述里添加列族
            for (String columnFamily : columnFamilys) {
                tableDesc.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(columnFamily));
            }
            // 根据配置好的描述建表
            hAdmin.createTable(tableDesc);
            System.out.println("创建表 "+tableName+" 成功!");
        }
    }
 
    // 删除数据库表
    public void deleteTable(String tableName) throws Exception {
        if (hAdmin.tableExists(tableName)) {
            // 关闭一个表
            hAdmin.disableTable(tableName);
            hAdmin.deleteTable(tableName);
            System.out.println("删除表 "+tableName+" 成功！");
        } else {
            System.out.println("删除的表 "+tableName+" 不存在！");
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
 
    // 批量添加数据
    public void addRowBatch(String tableName, String row,
            String columnFamily, String column, String value) throws Exception {
        //将自动提交关闭，如果不关闭，每写一条数据都会进行提交，是导入数据较慢的主要因素
        table.setAutoFlush(false, false);
        //设置缓存大小，当缓存大于设置值时，hbase会自动提交。此处可自己尝试大小，一般对大数据量，设置为5M即可，本文设置为3M。
        table.setWriteBufferSize(5*1024*1024);
        Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(row));// 指定行
        // 参数分别:列族、列、值
        put.add(Bytes.toBytes(columnFamily), Bytes.toBytes(column),
                Bytes.toBytes(value));
        table.put(put);
    } 
    //执行flushCommits()操作，防止最后一次数据丢失（尤其是在spark中一个分片结束时）
    public void flushCommits(String tableName) throws Exception {
         table.flushCommits();
    }
    
    //添加一条数据
    public void addRow(String tableName, String row,
            String columnFamily, String column, String value) throws Exception {
        Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(row));// 指定行
        // 参数分别:列族、列、值
        put.add(Bytes.toBytes(columnFamily), Bytes.toBytes(column),
                Bytes.toBytes(value));
        table.put(put);
    } 
    // 删除一条(行)数据
    public static void delRow(String tableName, String row) throws Exception {
        Delete del = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(row));
        table.delete(del);
    }
 
    // 删除多条数据
    public void delMultiRows(String tableName, String[] rows)
            throws Exception {
        List<Delete> delList = new ArrayList<Delete>();
        for (String row : rows) {
            Delete del = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(row));
            delList.add(del);
        }
        table.delete(delList);
    }
 
    // 获取一条数据
    public void getRow(String tableName, String row) throws Exception {
        Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(row));
        Result result = table.get(get);
        // 输出结果,raw方法返回所有keyvalue数组
        for (KeyValue rowKV : result.raw()) {
            System.out.print("行名:" + new String(rowKV.getRow()) + " ");
            System.out.print("时间戳:" + rowKV.getTimestamp() + " ");
            System.out.print("列族名:" + new String(rowKV.getFamily()) + " ");
            System.out.print("列名:" + new String(rowKV.getQualifier()) + " ");
            System.out.println("值:" + new String(rowKV.getValue()));
        }
    }
 
    // 获取所有数据
    public void getAllRows(String tableName) throws Exception {
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        ResultScanner results = table.getScanner(scan);
        // 输出结果
        for (Result result : results) {
            for (KeyValue rowKV : result.raw()) {
                System.out.print("行名:" + new String(rowKV.getRow()) + " ");
                System.out.print("时间戳:" + rowKV.getTimestamp() + " ");
                System.out.print("列族名:" + new String(rowKV.getFamily()) + " ");
                System.out
                        .print("列名:" + new String(rowKV.getQualifier()) + " ");
                System.out.println("值:" + new String(rowKV.getValue()));
            }
        }
    }
 
    // 主函数
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HBaseDBDao hb = new HBaseDBDao();
        try {
            String tableName = "student";
            hb.initHTable(tableName);
            // 第一步：创建数据库表：“student”
            String[] columnFamilys = { "info", "course" };
            if(!hb.isExist(tableName))
                hb.createTable(tableName, columnFamilys);
            // 第二步：向数据表的添加数据
            // 添加第一行数据
            if (hb.isExist(tableName)) {
                hb.addRow(tableName, "zpc", "info", "age", "20");
                hb.addRow(tableName, "zpc", "info", "sex", "boy");
                hb.addRow(tableName, "zpc", "course", "china", "97");
                hb.addRow(tableName, "zpc", "course", "math", "128");
                hb.addRow(tableName, "zpc", "course", "english", "85");
                // 添加第二行数据
                hb.addRow(tableName, "henjun", "info", "age", "19");
                hb.addRow(tableName, "henjun", "info", "sex", "boy");
                hb.addRow(tableName, "henjun", "course", "china","90");
                hb.addRow(tableName, "henjun", "course", "math","120");
                hb.addRow(tableName, "henjun", "course", "english","90");
                // 添加第三行数据
                hb.addRow(tableName, "niaopeng", "info", "age", "18");
                hb.addRow(tableName, "niaopeng", "info", "sex","girl");
                hb.addRow(tableName, "niaopeng", "course", "china","100");
                hb.addRow(tableName, "niaopeng", "course", "math","100");
                hb.addRow(tableName, "niaopeng", "course", "english","99");
                // 第三步：获取一条数据
                System.out.println("**************获取一条(zpc)数据*************");
                hb.getRow(tableName, "zpc");
                // 第四步：获取所有数据
                System.out.println("**************获取所有数据***************");
                hb.getAllRows(tableName);
 
                // 第五步：删除一条数据
                System.out.println("************删除一条(zpc)数据************");
                HBaseDBDao.delRow(tableName, "zpc");
                hb.getAllRows(tableName);
                // 第六步：删除多条数据
                System.out.println("**************删除多条数据***************");
                String rows[] = new String[] { "henjun","niaopeng" };
                hb.delMultiRows(tableName, rows);
                hb.getAllRows(tableName);
                // 第七步：删除数据库
                System.out.println("***************删除数据库表**************");
                hb.deleteTable(tableName);
                System.out.println("表"+tableName+"存在吗？"+hb.isExist(tableName));
            } else {
                System.out.println(tableName + "此数据库表不存在！");
            }
 
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
}