CREATE [OR REPLACE] PROCEDURE
   <procedure name> [(<parameter list>)]
IS|AS
   <local variable declaration>
BEGIN
   <executable statements>
[EXCEPTION
   <exception handlers>]
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE  find_emp
  (emp_no NUMBER)
AS
  empname VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
  SELECT ename INTO empname
  FROM EMP WHERE empno = emp_no;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘雇员姓名是 ‘|| empname);
EXCEPTION
  WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (‘雇员编号未找到‘);
END find_emp;

--查询用户所定义的存储过程
select distinct name from user_source where type = ‘PROCEDURE‘;

--查看存储过程定义的源码内容（PL/SQL语句）
select text from user_source where name = ‘P_TEST‘;

--如果定义有错误，查看错误原因
Show error procedure 存储过程名

--删除存储过程
Drop procedure 存储过程名;

Create or replace procedure p_total_sal(var_sal in int) is 
    Var_count int;
Begin
    Select count(*) into var_count from emp where sal > var_sal;
    Dbms_output.put_line(‘ 符合要求的员工总数为： ‘ || var_count);
Exception
    When others then
        Dbms_output.put_line(‘未知错误‘);
End;

Create or replace procedure p_get_emp(var_deptno int, var_total out int) as 
　　Var_n int;
Begin
    Select count(*) into var_n from emp where deptno = var_deptno;
    Var_total := var_n;  --总数由参数返回
End;

--使用
Declare
　　Var_s int;
Begin
　　p_get_emp(10, var_s);
　　Dbms_output.put_line(‘返回的值为‘ || var_s);
End;

Create or replace procedure p_get_datas(mycur out sys_refcursor) is 
Begin
    Open mycur for select * from emp where deptno = 10;
End;

--调用：
Declare
    Var_cur sys_refcursor;  --接收参数
    Row emp%rowtype;
Begin
    p_get_datas(var_cur);
    --无需再次打开，因为在存储过程中已经打开过了
    Loop
        Fetch var_cur into row;
        Exit when var_cur%notfound;
            Dbms_output.put_line(row.ename || ‘ ‘ || row.job);
    End loop;
End;

--根据员工编号返回他的工资的存储过程
Create or replace procedure p_get_sal(var_n in out int) is
Begin
    Select sal into var_n from emp where empno = var_n);
End;

--调用：
Declare
    Var_s int;
Begin
    Var_s := &n;
    p_get_sal(var_s);
    Dbms_output.put_line(‘他的工资为：‘ || var_s);
End;

GRANT EXECUTE ON find_emp TO MARTIN;
GRANT EXECUTE ON swap TO PUBLIC;(所有数据库用户)

CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION
　　<function name> [(param1,param2)]
RETURN <datatype>  IS|AS
  [local declarations]
BEGIN
　　Executable Statements;
　　RETURN result;
　　EXCEPTION
　　　　Exception handlers;
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fun_hello
  RETURN  VARCHAR2
IS
BEGIN
  RETURN ‘朋友，您好‘;
END;

SELECT fun_hello FROM DUAL;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION 
  item_price_range (price NUMBER) 
RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
  min_price NUMBER;
  max_price NUMBER;
BEGIN
  SELECT MAX(ITEMRATE), MIN(ITEMRATE)
  INTO max_price, min_price
  FROM itemfile;
  IF price >= min_price AND price <= max_price 
  THEN
    RETURN ‘输入的单价介于最低价与最高价之间‘;
  ELSE
    RETURN ‘超出范围‘;
  END IF;
END;

DECLARE
  P NUMBER := 300;
  MSG VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
  MSG := item_price_range(300);
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(MSG);
END;

CREATE [OR REPLACE]
  PACKAGE 
  package_name IS|AS
[Public item declarations]
[Subprogram specification]
END [package_name];

CREATE [OR REPLACE] PACKAGE BODY package_name IS|AS
[Private item declarations]
[Subprogram bodies]
[BEGIN
Initialization]
END [package_name];

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE pack_me
IS
  PROCEDURE order_proc (orno VARCHAR2);
  FUNCTION order_fun(ornos VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2;
END pack_me;

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY pack_me AS
  PROCEDURE order_proc (orno VARCHAR2) IS
    stat CHAR(1);
  BEGIN
    SELECT ostatus INTO stat FROM order_master
    WHERE orderno = orno;
    ……
  END order_proc;
  FUNCTION order_fun(ornos VARCHAR2)
  RETURN VARCHAR2
  IS
    icode   VARCHAR2(5);
    ocode   VARCHAR2(5);
  BEGIN
  ……
  END order_fun;
END pack_me;

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE cur_pack IS
  CURSOR ord_cur(vcode VARCHAR2)
    RETURN order_master%ROWTYPE;
  PROCEDURE ord_pro(vcode VARCHAR2);
END cur_pack;

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY cur_pack AS
 CURSOR ord_cur(vcode VARCHAR2)
 RETURN order_master%ROWTYPE IS 
 SELECT * FROM order_master WHERE VENCODE=vcode;
 PROCEDURE ord_pro(vcode VARCHAR2) IS
   or_rec order_master%ROWTYPE;
 BEGIN
  OPEN ord_cur(vcode); 
  LOOP
    FETCH ord_cur INTO or_rec;
    EXIT WHEN ord_cur%NOTFOUND;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LIne(‘返回的值为‘ || or_rec.orderno);
  END LOOP;
 END ord_pro;
END cur_pack;

SELECT object_name, object_type
　　FROM USER_OBJECTS
　　WHERE object_type IN (‘PROCEDURE‘, ‘FUNCTION‘, ‘PACKAGE‘, ‘PACKAGE BODY‘);

SELECT line, text FROM USER_SOURCE WHERE NAME=‘TEST‘;