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C#中HttpWebRequest的用法详解

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HttpWebRequest和HttpWebResponse类是用于发送和接收HTTP数据的最好选择。它们支持一系列有用的属性。这两个类位 于System.Net命名空间,默认情况下这个类对于控制台程序来说是可访问的。请注意,HttpWebRequest对象不是利用new关键字通过构 造函数来创建的,而是利用工厂机制(factory mechanism)通过Create()方法来创建的。另外,你可能预计需要显式地调用一个“Send”方法,实际上不需要。接下来调用 HttpWebRequest.GetResponse()方法返回的是一个HttpWebResponse对象。你可以把HTTP响应的数据流 (stream)绑定到一个StreamReader对象,然后就可以通过ReadToEnd()方法把整个HTTP响应作为一个字符串取回。也可以通过 StreamReader.ReadLine()方法逐行取回HTTP响应的内容。

这种技术展示了如何限制请求重定向(request redirections)的次数, 并且设置了一个超时限制。下面是HttpWebRequest的一些属性,这些属性对于轻量级的自动化测试程序是非常重要的。

l  AllowAutoRedirect:获取或设置一个值,该值指示请求是否应跟随重定向响应。

l  CookieContainer:获取或设置与此请求关联的cookie。

l  Credentials:获取或设置请求的身份验证信息。

l  KeepAlive:获取或设置一个值,该值指示是否与 Internet 资源建立持久性连接。

l  MaximumAutomaticRedirections:获取或设置请求将跟随的重定向的最大数目。

l  Proxy:获取或设置请求的代理信息。

l  SendChunked:获取或设置一个值,该值指示是否将数据分段发送到 Internet 资源。

l  Timeout:获取或设置请求的超时值。

l  UserAgent:获取或设置 User-agent HTTP 标头的值

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式其实就是GET和POST两种,那么具体的实现以及操作注意事项是什么呢?那么本文就向你详细介绍C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式的这两种利器。

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式学习之前我们先来看看什么是HttpWebRequest,它是 .net 基类库中的一个类,在命名空间 System.Net 下面,用来使用户通过HTTP协议和服务器交互。

C# HttpWebRequest的作用:

HttpWebRequest对HTTP协议进行了完整的封装,对HTTP协议中的 Header, Content, Cookie 都做了属性和方法的支持,很容易就能编写出一个模拟浏览器自动登录的程序。

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式:

程序使用HTTP协议和服务器交互主要是进行数据的提交,通常数据的提交是通过 GET 和 POST 两种方式来完成,下面对这两种方式进行一下说明:

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式1. GET 方式。

GET 方式通过在网络地址附加参数来完成数据的提交,比如在地址 http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=zh-CN 中,前面部分 http://www.google.com/webhp 表示数据提交的网址,后面部分 hl=zh-CN 表示附加的参数,其中 hl 表示一个键(key), zh-CN 表示这个键对应的值(value)。程序代码如下:

HttpWebRequest req =  

(HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create(  

"http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=zh-CN" ); 

req.Method = "GET"; 

using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse()) 

   //在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理 

}

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式2. POST 方式。

POST 方式通过在页面内容中填写参数的方法来完成数据的提交,参数的格式和 GET 方式一样,是类似于 hl=zh-CN&newwindow=1 这样的结构。程序代码如下:

string param = "hl=zh-CN&newwindow=1";        //参数

byte[] bs = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(param);    //参数转化为ascii码

HttpWebRequest req =   (HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create(   "http://www.google.com/intl/zh-CN/" );  //创建request

req.Method = "POST";    //确定传值的方式,此处为post方式传值

req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; 

req.ContentLength = bs.Length; 

using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream()) 

   reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length); 

using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse()) 

   //在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理 

在上面的代码中,我们访问了 www.google.com 的网址,分别以 GET 和 POST 方式提交了数据,并接收了返回的页面内容。然而,如果提交的参数中含有中文,那么这样的处理是不够的,需要对其进行编码,让对方网站能够识别。

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式3. 使用 GET 方式提交中文数据。

GET 方式通过在网络地址中附加参数来完成数据提交,对于中文的编码,常用的有 gb2312 和 utf8 两种,用 gb2312 方式编码访问的程序代码如下:

Encoding myEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312");     //确定用哪种中文编码方式

string address = "http://www.baidu.com/s?"   + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数一", myEncoding) +  "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值一", myEncoding);       //拼接数据提交的网址和经过中文编码后的中文参数

HttpWebRequest req =   (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(address);  //创建request

req.Method = "GET";    //确定传值方式,此处为get方式

using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse()) 

   //在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理 

在上面的程序代码中,我们以 GET 方式访问了网址 http://www.baidu.com/s ,传递了参数“参数一=值一”,由于无法告知对方提交数据的编码类型,所以编码方式要以对方的网站为标准。常见的网站中, www.baidu.com (百度)的编码方式是 gb2312, www.google.com (谷歌)的编码方式是 utf8。

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式4. 使用 POST 方式提交中文数据。

POST 方式通过在页面内容中填写参数的方法来完成数据的提交,由于提交的参数中可以说明使用的编码方式,所以理论上能获得更大的兼容性。用 gb2312 方式编码访问的程序代码如下:

Encoding myEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312");  //确定中文编码方式。此处用gb2312

string param =   HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数一", myEncoding) +   "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值一", myEncoding) +   "&" +     HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数二", myEncoding) +  "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值二", myEncoding); 

byte[] postBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(param);     //将参数转化为assic码

HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)  HttpWebRequest.Create( "http://www.baidu.com/s" ); 

req.Method = "POST"; 

req.ContentType =   "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=gb2312"; 

req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length; 

using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream()) 

   reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length); 

using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse()) 

   //在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理 

}  

从上面的代码可以看出, POST 中文数据的时候,先使用 UrlEncode 方法将中文字符转换为编码后的 ASCII 码,然后提交到服务器,提交的时候可以说明编码的方式,用来使对方服务器能够正确的解析。

以上列出了客户端程序使用HTTP协议与服务器交互的情况,常用的是 GET 和 POST 方式。现在流行的 WebService 也是通过 HTTP 协议来交互的,使用的是 POST 方法。与以上稍有所不同的是, WebService 提交的数据内容和接收到的数据内容都是使用了 XML 方式编码。所以, HttpWebRequest 也可以使用在调用 WebService 的情况下。

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式的基本内容就向你介绍到这里,希望对你了解和学习C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式有所帮助。

技术分享
#region 公共方法
        /// <summary>
        /// Get数据接口
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="getUrl">接口地址</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string GetWebRequest(string getUrl)
        {
            string responseContent = "";

            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(getUrl);
            request.ContentType = "application/json";
            request.Method = "GET";

            HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
            //在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
            using (Stream resStream = response.GetResponseStream())
            {
                using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(resStream, Encoding.UTF8))
                {
                    responseContent = reader.ReadToEnd().ToString();
                }
            }
            return responseContent;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Post数据接口
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="postUrl">接口地址</param>
        /// <param name="paramData">提交json数据</param>
        /// <param name="dataEncode">编码方式(Encoding.UTF8)</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string PostWebRequest(string postUrl, string paramData, Encoding dataEncode)
        {
            string responseContent = string.Empty;
            try
            {
                byte[] byteArray = dataEncode.GetBytes(paramData); //转化
                HttpWebRequest webReq = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(new Uri(postUrl));
                webReq.Method = "POST";
                webReq.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
                webReq.ContentLength = byteArray.Length;
                using (Stream reqStream = webReq.GetRequestStream())
                {
                    reqStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length);//写入参数
                    //reqStream.Close();
                }
                using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)webReq.GetResponse())
                {
                    //在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
                    using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.Default))
                    {
                        responseContent = sr.ReadToEnd().ToString();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return ex.Message;
            }
            return responseContent;
        }

        #endregion
post get

C#通过WebClient/HttpWebRequest实现http的post/get方法

1.POST方法(httpWebRequest)

 

技术分享
//body是要传递的参数,格式"roleId=1&uid=2"
//post的cotentType填写:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
//soap填写:"text/xml; charset=utf-8"
    public static string PostHttp(string url, string body, string contentType)
    {
        HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

        httpWebRequest.ContentType = contentType;
        httpWebRequest.Method = "POST";
        httpWebRequest.Timeout = 20000;

        byte[] btBodys = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body);
        httpWebRequest.ContentLength = btBodys.Length;
        httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length);

        HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
        StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream());
        string responseContent = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

        httpWebResponse.Close();
        streamReader.Close();
        httpWebRequest.Abort();
        httpWebResponse.Close();

        return responseContent;
    }

POST方法(httpWebRequest)
POST方法(httpWebRequest)


2.POST方法(WebClient)

技术分享
/// <summary>
        /// 通过WebClient类Post数据到远程地址,需要Basic认证;
        /// 调用端自己处理异常
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="uri"></param>
        /// <param name="paramStr">name=张三&age=20</param>
        /// <param name="encoding">请先确认目标网页的编码方式</param>
        /// <param name="username"></param>
        /// <param name="password"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Request_WebClient(string uri, string paramStr, Encoding encoding, string username, string password)
        {
            if (encoding == null)
                encoding = Encoding.UTF8;

            string result = string.Empty;

            WebClient wc = new WebClient();

            // 采取POST方式必须加的Header
            wc.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

            byte[] postData = encoding.GetBytes(paramStr);

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
            {
                wc.Credentials = GetCredentialCache(uri, username, password);
                wc.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthorization(username, password));
            }

            byte[] responseData = wc.UploadData(uri, "POST", postData); // 得到返回字符流
            return encoding.GetString(responseData);// 解码                  
        }

POST方法(WebClient)
POST方法(WebClient)

3.Get方法(httpWebRequest)

技术分享
public static string GetHttp(string url, HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        string queryString = "?";

        foreach (string key in httpContext.Request.QueryString.AllKeys)
        {
            queryString += key + "=" + httpContext.Request.QueryString[key] + "&";
        }

        queryString = queryString.Substring(0, queryString.Length - 1);

        HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url + queryString);

        httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
        httpWebRequest.Method = "GET";
        httpWebRequest.Timeout = 20000;

        //byte[] btBodys = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body);
        //httpWebRequest.ContentLength = btBodys.Length;
        //httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length);

        HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
        StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream());
        string responseContent = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

        httpWebResponse.Close();
        streamReader.Close();

        return responseContent;
    }

Get方法(HttpWebRequest)
Get方法(httpWebRequest)

4.basic验证的WebRequest/WebResponse

技术分享
/// <summary>
        /// 通过 WebRequest/WebResponse 类访问远程地址并返回结果,需要Basic认证;
        /// 调用端自己处理异常
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="uri"></param>
        /// <param name="timeout">访问超时时间,单位毫秒;如果不设置超时时间,传入0</param>
        /// <param name="encoding">如果不知道具体的编码,传入null</param>
        /// <param name="username"></param>
        /// <param name="password"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Request_WebRequest(string uri, int timeout, Encoding encoding, string username, string password)
        {
            string result = string.Empty;

            WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(new Uri(uri));

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
            {
                request.Credentials = GetCredentialCache(uri, username, password);
                request.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthorization(username, password));
            }

            if (timeout > 0)
                request.Timeout = timeout;

            WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
            Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream();
            StreamReader sr = encoding == null ? new StreamReader(stream) : new StreamReader(stream, encoding);

            result = sr.ReadToEnd();

            sr.Close();
            stream.Close();

            return result;
        }

        #region # 生成 Http Basic 访问凭证 #

        private static CredentialCache GetCredentialCache(string uri, string username, string password)
        {
            string authorization = string.Format("{0}:{1}", username, password);

            CredentialCache credCache = new CredentialCache();
            credCache.Add(new Uri(uri), "Basic", new NetworkCredential(username, password));

            return credCache;
        }

        private static string GetAuthorization(string username, string password)
        {
            string authorization = string.Format("{0}:{1}", username, password);

            return "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(authorization));
        }

        #endregion

basic验证的WebRequest/WebResponse
basic验证的WebRequest/WebResponse

 

C#语言写的关于HttpWebRequest 类的使用方法

http://www.jb51.net/article/57156.htm

技术分享
using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.IO;

using System.Net;

using System.Text;

namespace HttpWeb

{

    /// <summary> 

    ///  Http操作类 

    /// </summary> 

    public static class httptest

    {

        /// <summary> 

        ///  获取网址HTML 

        /// </summary> 

        /// <param name="URL">网址 </param> 

        /// <returns> </returns> 

        public static string GetHtml(string URL)

        {

            WebRequest wrt;

            wrt = WebRequest.Create(URL);

            wrt.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

            WebResponse wrp;

            wrp = wrt.GetResponse();

            string reader = new StreamReader(wrp.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")).ReadToEnd();

            try

            {

                wrt.GetResponse().Close();

            }

            catch (WebException ex)

            {

                throw ex;

            }

            return reader;

        }

        /// <summary> 

        /// 获取网站cookie 

        /// </summary> 

        /// <param name="URL">网址 </param> 

        /// <param name="cookie">cookie </param> 

        /// <returns> </returns> 

        public static string GetHtml(string URL, out string cookie)

        {

            WebRequest wrt;

            wrt = WebRequest.Create(URL);

            wrt.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

            WebResponse wrp;

            wrp = wrt.GetResponse();
            string html = new StreamReader(wrp.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")).ReadToEnd();

            try

            {

                wrt.GetResponse().Close();

            }

            catch (WebException ex)

            {

                throw ex;

            }

            cookie = wrp.Headers.Get("Set-Cookie");

            return html;

        }

        public static string GetHtml(string URL, string postData, string cookie, out string header, string server)

        {

            return GetHtml(server, URL, postData, cookie, out header);

        }

        public static string GetHtml(string server, string URL, string postData, string cookie, out string header)

        {

            byte[] byteRequest = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetBytes(postData);

            return GetHtml(server, URL, byteRequest, cookie, out header);

        }

        public static string GetHtml(string server, string URL, byte[] byteRequest, string cookie, out string header)

        {

            byte[] bytes = GetHtmlByBytes(server, URL, byteRequest, cookie, out header);

            Stream getStream = new MemoryStream(bytes);

            StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(getStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"));

            string getString = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

            streamReader.Close();

            getStream.Close();

            return getString;

        }

        /// <summary> 

        /// Post模式浏览 

        /// </summary> 

        /// <param name="server">服务器地址 </param> 

        /// <param name="URL">网址 </param> 

        /// <param name="byteRequest"></param> 

        /// <param name="cookie">cookie </param> 

        /// <param name="header">句柄 </param> 

        /// <returns> </returns> 

        public static byte[] GetHtmlByBytes(string server, string URL, byte[] byteRequest, string cookie, out string header)

        {

            long contentLength;

            HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest;

            HttpWebResponse webResponse;

            Stream getStream;

            httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);

            CookieContainer co = new CookieContainer();

            co.SetCookies(new Uri(server), cookie);

            httpWebRequest.CookieContainer = co;

            httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";

            httpWebRequest.Accept =

                "image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*";

            httpWebRequest.Referer = server;

            httpWebRequest.UserAgent =

                "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; Maxthon; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)";

            httpWebRequest.Method = "Post";

            httpWebRequest.ContentLength = byteRequest.Length;

            Stream stream;

            stream = httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream();

            stream.Write(byteRequest, 0, byteRequest.Length);

            stream.Close();

            webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();

            header = webResponse.Headers.ToString();

            getStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream();

            contentLength = webResponse.ContentLength;

            byte[] outBytes = new byte[contentLength];

            outBytes = ReadFully(getStream);

            getStream.Close();

            return outBytes;

        }

        public static byte[] ReadFully(Stream stream)

        {

            byte[] buffer = new byte[128];

            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())

            {

                while (true)

                {

                    int read = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

                    if (read <= 0)

                        return ms.ToArray();

                    ms.Write(buffer, 0, read);

                }

            }

        }

        /// <summary> 

        /// Get模式 

        /// </summary> 

        /// <param name="URL">网址 </param> 

        /// <param name="cookie">cookies </param> 

        /// <param name="header">句柄 </param> 

        /// <param name="server">服务器 </param> 

        /// <param name="val">服务器 </param> 

        /// <returns> </returns> 

        public static string GetHtml(string URL, string cookie, out string header, string server)

        {

            return GetHtml(URL, cookie, out header, server, "");

        }

        /// <summary> 

        /// Get模式浏览 

        /// </summary> 

        /// <param name="URL">Get网址 </param> 

        /// <param name="cookie">cookie </param> 

        /// <param name="header">句柄 </param> 

        /// <param name="server">服务器地址 </param> 

        /// <param name="val"> </param> 

        /// <returns> </returns> 

        public static string GetHtml(string URL, string cookie, out string header, string server, string val)

        {

            HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest;

            HttpWebResponse webResponse;

            Stream getStream;

            StreamReader streamReader;

            string getString = "";

            httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);

            httpWebRequest.Accept = "*/*";

            httpWebRequest.Referer = server;

            CookieContainer co = new CookieContainer();

            co.SetCookies(new Uri(server), cookie);

            httpWebRequest.CookieContainer = co;

            httpWebRequest.UserAgent =

                "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; Maxthon; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)";

            httpWebRequest.Method = "GET";

            webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();

            header = webResponse.Headers.ToString();

            getStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream();

            streamReader = new StreamReader(getStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"));

            getString = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

            streamReader.Close();

            getStream.Close();

            return getString;

        }

   }

}
View Code

 

C#中HttpWebRequest的用法详解

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/love201314/p/5029312.html

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