在Linux操作系统下，我们有时打开在windows下的txt文件，发现在windows下能正常显示的txt文件出现了中文乱码。
出现这种情况的原因为两种操作系统的中文字符编码方式（压缩方式）不同，在windows环境中中文字符编码一般为gbk，而在linux环境中为utf8，这就导致了在windows下能正常显示txt文件在linux环境下打开呈现了乱码状态。
locale.gen文件
# /etc/locale.gen: list all of the locales you want to have on your system## The format of each line:# <locale> <charmap>## Where <locale> is a locale located in /usr/share/i18n/locales/ and# where <charmap> is a charmap located in /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/.## All blank lines and lines starting with # are ignored.## For the default list of supported combinations, see the file:# /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED## Whenever glibc is emerged, the locales listed here will be automatically# rebuilt for you. After updating this file, you can simply run `locale-gen`# yourself instead of re-emerging glibc.en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
查看系统语言编码种类/usr/share/i18n/locales/目录下包含系统支持的编码语言种类
gentoo ~ # ls /usr/share/i18n/locales/en_US en_GB en_HK zh_CN zh_TW zh_HK ja_JP de_DE ...... gentoo ~ #
查看字符编码压缩方式/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/目录下包含系统支持的字符编码方式
ls /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/ ANSI_X3.110-1983.gz IBM1026.gz ISO-8859-16.gz ANSI_X3.4-1968.gz IBM1047.gz ISO_8859-1,GL.gz ARMSCII-8.gz IBM1124.gz ISO-8859-1.gz ASMO_449.gz IBM1129.gz ISO-8859-2.gz GB18030.gz ISIRI-3342.gz SAMI.gz GB_1988-80.gz ISO_10367-BOX.gz SAMI-WS2.gz GB2312.gz ISO_10646.gz SEN_850200_B.gz GBK.gz ISO_11548-1.gz SEN_850200_C. HP-ROMAN9.gz ISO_6937.gz UTF-8.gz ......
使用iconv命令进行文件编码转换，如乱码文件名为hello.txt，那么在终端输入如下命令：
iconv -f gbk -t utf8 hello.txt > hello.utf8.txt
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原文地址：http://aceking.blog.51cto.com/3681913/1721597
