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首先,如果你想在android3.0及以下版本使用fragment,你必须引用android-support-v4.jar这个包
然后你写的activity不能再继承自Activity类了,而是要继承android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity,一些其他的父类也有相应的变化.
由于在android的实现机制中fragment和activity会被分别实例化为两个不相干的对象,他们之间的联系由activity的一个成员对象fragmentmanager来维护.fragment实例化后会到activity中的fragmentmanager去注册一下,这个动作封装在fragment对象的onAttach中,所以你可以在fragment中声明一些回调接口,当fragment调用onAttach时,将这些回调接口实例化,这样fragment就能调用各个activity的成员函数了,当然activity必须implements这些接口,否则会包classcasterror
fragment和activity的回调机制又是OOP的一次完美演绎!
下面通过一个例子来说明:
我把Activity的UI分为两个部分,左边和右边,左边用来放置点击的按钮(LeftFragment),右边用来放置对应点击后显示的信息(RightFragment).
Activity的布局layout文件:main.xml
- <?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- android:orientation="horizontal">
-
- <LinearLayout
- android:id="@+id/left_layout"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- android:layout_weight="1"
- android:orientation="vertical">
- </LinearLayout>
-
- <LinearLayout
- android:id="@+id/right_layout"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- android:layout_weight="10"
- android:orientation="vertical">
- </LinearLayout>
-
- </LinearLayout>
LeftFragment的布局layout:leftfragment.xml
- <?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:orientation="vertical">
-
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/first_button"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="@string/first_button"/>
-
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/second_button"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="@string/second_button"/>
-
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/third_button"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="@string/third_button"/>
-
- </LinearLayout>
RightFragment的布局layout:rightfragment.xml
- <?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:orientation="vertical">
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/right_show_message"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- android:background="@android:color/holo_orange_dark"
- android:textColor="@android:color/white"/>
-
- </LinearLayout>
以上是两个fragment和一个Activity的布局文件,下面来看他们的java文件
Activity:
- public class FirstActivity extends Activity implements MyListener
- {
-
- public void showMessage(int index)
- {
- if(1 == index)
- showMessageView.setText(R.string.first_page);
- if(2 == index)
- showMessageView.setText(R.string.second_page);
- if(3 == index)
- showMessageView.setText(R.string.third_page);
- }
-
-
- private TextView showMessageView;
-
-
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
- {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- System.out.println("Activity--->onCreate");
-
- FragmentManager manager = getFragmentManager();
- FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
-
- RightFragment rightFragment = newRightFragment();
- LeftFragment leftFragment = newLeftFragment();
- transaction.add(R.id.left_layout, leftFragment, "leftfragment");
- transaction.add(R.id.right_layout, rightFragment, "rightfragment");
- transaction.commit();
-
- }
-
- @Override
- protected void onResume()
- {
- super.onResume();
- System.out.println("Activity--->onResume");
- showMessageView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.right_show_message);
- }
- }
LeftFragment:
- public class LeftFragment extends Fragment
- {
-
- public interface MyListener
- {
- public void showMessage(int index);
- }
-
- private MyListener myListener;
- private Button firstButton;
- private Button secondButton;
- private Button thirdButton;
-
-
- @Override
- public void onAttach(Activity activity)
- {
- super.onAttach(activity);
- System.out.println("LeftFragment--->onAttach");
-
- myListener = (MyListener) activity;
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
- {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- System.out.println("LeftFragment--->onCreate");
- }
-
- @Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState)
- {
- System.out.println("LeftFragment--->onCreateView");
- returninflater.inflate(R.layout.leftfragment, container, false);
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onResume()
- {
- super.onResume();
- System.out.println("LeftFragment--->onResume");
-
- firstButton = (Button) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.first_button);
- secondButton = (Button) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.second_button);
- thirdButton = (Button) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.third_button);
-
- MyButtonClickListener clickListener = newMyButtonClickListener();
- firstButton.setOnClickListener(clickListener);
- secondButton.setOnClickListener(clickListener);
- thirdButton.setOnClickListener(clickListener);
- }
-
-
- class MyButtonClickListener implements OnClickListener
- {
- public void onClick(View v)
- {
- Button button = (Button) v;
- if(button == firstButton)
- myListener.showMessage(1);
- if(button == secondButton)
- myListener.showMessage(2);
- if(button == thirdButton)
- myListener.showMessage(3);
- }
- }
- }
RightFragment:
- public class RightFragment extends Fragment
- {
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
- {
- System.out.println("RightFragment--->onCreate");
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- }
-
- @Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState)
- {
- System.out.println("RightFragment--->onCreateView");
- returninflater.inflate(R.layout.rightfragment, container, false);
- }
- }
注意,Fragment的生命周期和Activity生命周期之间的关系。在Activity里动态生成Fragment,首先是Activity调用onCreate()方法,但是这时候还没有加载到Fragment里的组件,当Fragment调用其onCreateView()方法后,Activity才能得到Fragment中的组件
http://blog.csdn.net/guozh/article/details/25327685
这里最关键的就是Fragment要有一个接口和这个接口的引用,而这个接口需要Activity去实现它。当Fragment调用onAttach(Activity acitivity)方法的时候,将这个activity传递给这个接口引用,这样,就可以和Activity进行交互了.
android中fragment与activity之间通信原理以及例子
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/tonny-li/p/5052050.html