关于PYTHON的反射，装饰的练习

import time

def timeit(func):

    def wrapper():

        start = time.clock()
        func()
        end = time.clock()
        print ‘used: ‘, end - start
    return wrapper

@timeit
# foo = timeit(foo)
def foo():
    print ‘in foo()‘
    
print foo()

#coding: UTF-8
import sys #  模块，sys指向这个模块对象
import inspect
def foo(): pass # 函数，foo指向这个函数对象
 
class Cat(object): # 类，Cat指向这个类对象
    def __init__(self, name=‘kitty‘):
        self.name = name
    def sayHi(self): #  实例方法，sayHi指向这个方法对象，使用类或实例.sayHi访问
        print self.name, ‘says Hi!‘ # 访问名为name的字段，使用实例.name访问
 
cat = Cat() # cat是Cat类的实例对象
 
print Cat.sayHi # 使用类名访问实例方法时，方法是未绑定的(unbound)
print cat.sayHi # 使用实例访问实例方法时，方法是绑定的(bound)

cat = Cat(‘kitty‘)
 
print cat.name # 访问实例属性
cat.sayHi() # 调用实例方法
 
print dir(cat) # 获取实例的属性名，以列表形式返回
if hasattr(cat, ‘name‘): # 检查实例是否有这个属性
    setattr(cat, ‘name‘, ‘tiger‘) # same as: a.name = ‘tiger‘
print getattr(cat, ‘name‘) # same as: print a.name
 
getattr(cat, ‘sayHi‘)() # same as: cat.sayHi()

print Cat.__doc__           # None
print Cat.__name__          # Cat
print Cat.__module__        # __main__
print Cat.__bases__         # (<type>,)
print Cat.__dict__          # {‘__module__‘: ‘__main__‘, ...}</type>

print cat.__dict__
print cat.__class__
print cat.__class__ == Cat # True

im = cat.sayHi
print im.im_func
print im.im_self # cat
print im.im_class # Cat

co = cat.sayHi.func_code
print co.co_argcount        # 1
print co.co_names           # (‘name‘,)
print co.co_varnames        # (‘self‘,)
print co.co_flags & 0b100   # 0


im = cat.sayHi
if inspect.isroutine(im):
    im()

print inspect.getmro(Cat)
#(<class ‘__main__.Cat‘>, <type ‘object‘>)
print Cat.__mro__
#(<class ‘__main__.Cat‘>, <type ‘object‘>)
class Dog: pass
print inspect.getmro(Dog)
#(<class __main__.Dog at 0x...>,)
print Dog.__mro__ # AttributeError