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python基础知识-列表,元组,字典

时间:2016-01-13 21:57:01      阅读:377      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:

列表(list)

赋值方法:

 l = [11,45,67,34,89,23]

l = list()

列表的方法:

技术分享
 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 
 3 class list(object):
 4     """
 5     list() -> new empty list
 6     list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable‘s items
 7     """
 8     def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 9         ‘‘‘在列表末尾添加一个新的对象‘‘‘
10         """ L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end """
11         pass
12 
13     def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
14         ‘‘‘清空列表中的所有对象‘‘‘
15         """ L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L """
16         pass
17 
18     def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
19         ‘‘‘拷贝一个新的列表‘‘‘
20         """ L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L """
21         return []
22 
23     def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
24         ‘‘‘某个元素在列表中出现的次数‘‘‘
25         """ L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
26         return 0
27 
28     def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
29         ‘‘‘在列表的末尾追加另外一个列表的多个值‘‘‘
30         """ L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """
31         pass
32 
33     def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
34         ‘‘‘查找给定值第一次出现的位置‘‘‘
35         """
36         L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
37         Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
38         """
39         return 0
40 
41     def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
42         ‘‘‘指定位置插入元素‘‘‘
43         """ L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """
44         pass
45 
46     def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
47         ‘‘‘移除列表中最后一个元素,并获取这个元素‘‘‘
48         """
49         L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
50         Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
51         """
52         pass
53 
54     def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
55         ‘‘‘移除列表中给定值的第一次出现的元素‘‘‘
56         """
57         L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value.
58         Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
59         """
60         pass
61 
62     def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
63         ‘‘‘反转列表‘‘‘
64         """ L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """
65         pass
66 
67     def sort(self, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
68         ‘‘‘对列表中的元素排序‘‘‘
69         """ L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* """
70         pass
list

方法示例:

####
append()
>>> l = [11,45,67,34,89,23]
>>> l.append(44)
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44]
####
>>> l
[1, 4, 7, 11, 23, 34, 34, 44, 44, 45, 67, 89]
>>> l.clear()
>>> l
[]
####
copy()
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44]
>>> i = l.copy()
>>> i
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44]
####
count()
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34]
>>> l.count(44)
3
####
extend()
>>> i = [1,4,7,6]
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34]
>>> l.extend(i)
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7, 6]
####
indexi()
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7, 6]
>>> l.index(44)
6
>>> l.index(45)
1
####
pop()
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7, 6]
>>> l.pop()
6
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]
####
remove()
>>> l
[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]
>>> l.remove(45)
>>> l
[11, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]
>>> l.remove(44)
>>> l
[11, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]
####
reverse()
>>> l
[11, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]
>>> l.reverse()
>>> l
[7, 4, 1, 34, 45, 44, 44, 23, 89, 34, 67, 11]
####
sort()
>>> l
[7, 4, 1, 34, 45, 44, 44, 23, 89, 34, 67, 11]
>>> l.sort()
>>> l
[1, 4, 7, 11, 23, 34, 34, 44, 44, 45, 67, 89]
####
 
 
元组:
 元组中的元素是不可以改变的。
赋值方法:
tup = ‘a‘,‘b‘,‘c‘
tup = (‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘c‘)

 元组的方法:

技术分享
  1 #!/usr/bin/env python
  2 class tuple(object):
  3     """
  4     tuple() -> empty tuple
  5     tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable‘s items
  6 
  7     If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
  8     """
  9     def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 10         ‘‘‘某个元素在元素中出现的次数‘‘‘
 11         """ T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
 12         return 0
 13 
 14     def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 15         ‘‘‘查找给定值第一次出现的位置‘‘‘
 16         """
 17         T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
 18         Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
 19         """
 20         return 0
 21 
 22     def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 23         """ Return self+value. """
 24         pass
 25 
 26     def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 27         """ Return key in self. """
 28         pass
 29 
 30     def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 31         """ Return self==value. """
 32         pass
 33 
 34     def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 35         """ Return getattr(self, name). """
 36         pass
 37 
 38     def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 39         """ Return self[key]. """
 40         pass
 41 
 42     def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 43         pass
 44 
 45     def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 46         """ Return self>=value. """
 47         pass
 48 
 49     def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 50         """ Return self>value. """
 51         pass
 52 
 53     def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 54         """ Return hash(self). """
 55         pass
 56 
 57     def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__
 58         """
 59         tuple() -> empty tuple
 60         tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable‘s items
 61 
 62         If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
 63         # (copied from class doc)
 64         """
 65         pass
 66 
 67     def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 68         """ Implement iter(self). """
 69         pass
 70 
 71     def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 72         """ Return len(self). """
 73         pass
 74 
 75     def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 76         """ Return self<=value. """
 77         pass
 78 
 79     def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 80         """ Return self<value. """
 81         pass
 82 
 83     def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 84         """ Return self*value.n """
 85         pass
 86 
 87     @staticmethod # known case of __new__
 88     def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 89         """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
 90         pass
 91 
 92     def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 93         """ Return self!=value. """
 94         pass
 95 
 96     def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 97         """ Return repr(self). """
 98         pass
 99 
100     def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
101         """ Return self*value. """
102         pass
tuple

方法示例:

####

count()

>>> tup = (‘a‘,‘b‘,‘c‘,‘b‘)
>>> tup.count(‘b‘)
2

 ####
index()
>>> tup = (‘a‘,‘b‘,‘c‘,‘b‘)

>>> tup.index(‘b‘)
1

 ###
 
 
 
 
 
字典:
 字典(dict):字典为一对键(key)和值(value)的对应关系,中间使用“:”分隔开。
key在字典中是唯一的,字典是无序的。
赋值字典:
dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘,‘k3‘:‘v3‘}
 
字典的方法:
技术分享
  1 #!/usr/bin/env python
  2 class dict(object):
  3     """
  4     dict() -> new empty dictionary
  5     dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object‘s
  6         (key, value) pairs
  7     dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
  8         d = {}
  9         for k, v in iterable:
 10             d[k] = v
 11     dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
 12         in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
 13     """
 14     def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 15         ‘‘‘清空字典‘‘‘
 16         """ D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D. """
 17         pass
 18 
 19     def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 20         ‘‘‘拷贝字典,浅拷贝‘‘‘
 21         """ D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """
 22         pass
 23 
 24     @staticmethod # known case
 25     def fromkeys(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 26         ‘‘‘首先有一个列表,这个列表将作为一个字典的key,如果不给值则所有key的值为空,如果给值就将值设置为key的值‘‘‘
 27         """ Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value. """
 28         pass
 29 
 30     def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 31         ‘‘‘根据key取值,如果没有这个key,不返回值‘‘‘
 32         """ D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaults to None. """
 33         pass
 34 
 35     def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 36         ‘‘‘所有key和值组成列表的形式‘‘‘
 37         """ D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D‘s items """
 38         pass
 39 
 40     def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 41         ‘‘‘所有key组成列表的形式‘‘‘
 42         """ D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D‘s keys """
 43         pass
 44 
 45     def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 46         ‘‘‘获取key的值,并从字典中删除‘‘‘
 47         """
 48         D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
 49         If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
 50         """
 51         pass
 52 
 53     def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 54         ‘‘‘获取键值对,并在字典中删除,随机的‘‘‘
 55         """
 56         D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
 57         2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
 58         """
 59         pass
 60 
 61     def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 62         ‘‘‘如果key不存在,则创建,如果key存在则返回key的值,不会修改key的值‘‘‘
 63         """ D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """
 64         pass
 65 
 66     def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update
 67         ‘‘‘更新‘‘‘
 68         """
 69         D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
 70         If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does:  for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
 71         If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does:  for k, v in E: D[k] = v
 72         In either case, this is followed by: for k in F:  D[k] = F[k]
 73         """
 74         pass
 75 
 76     def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 77         ‘‘‘所有值的列表形式‘‘‘
 78         """ D.values() -> an object providing a view on D‘s values """
 79         pass
 80 
 81     def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 82         """ True if D has a key k, else False. """
 83         pass
 84 
 85     def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 86         """ Delete self[key]. """
 87         pass
 88 
 89     def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 90         """ Return self==value. """
 91         pass
 92 
 93     def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
 94         """ Return getattr(self, name). """
 95         pass
 96 
 97     def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
 98         """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
 99         pass
100 
101     def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
102         """ Return self>=value. """
103         pass
104 
105     def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
106         """ Return self>value. """
107         pass
108 
109     def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__
110         """
111         dict() -> new empty dictionary
112         dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object‘s
113             (key, value) pairs
114         dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
115             d = {}
116             for k, v in iterable:
117                 d[k] = v
118         dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
119             in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
120         # (copied from class doc)
121         """
122         pass
123 
124     def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
125         """ Implement iter(self). """
126         pass
127 
128     def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
129         """ Return len(self). """
130         pass
131 
132     def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
133         """ Return self<=value. """
134         pass
135 
136     def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
137         """ Return self<value. """
138         pass
139 
140     @staticmethod # known case of __new__
141     def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
142         """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
143         pass
144 
145     def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
146         """ Return self!=value. """
147         pass
148 
149     def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
150         """ Return repr(self). """
151         pass
152 
153     def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
154         """ Set self[key] to value. """
155         pass
156 
157     def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
158         """ D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """
159         pass
160 
161     __hash__ = None
dict

 

方法示例:

####
clear()
>>> dic
{‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k2‘: ‘v2‘, ‘k3‘: ‘v3‘}
>>> dic.clear()
>>> dic
{}
####
copy()
>>> dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘,‘k3‘:‘v3‘}
>>> dic2 = dic.copy()
>>> dic2
{‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k2‘: ‘v2‘, ‘k3‘: ‘v3‘}
####
>>> l = [2,3,5,6,7]
>>> d = dict.fromkeys(l)
>>> d
{2: None, 3: None, 5: None, 6: None, 7: None}
>>> d = dict.fromkeys(l,‘a‘)
>>> d
{2: ‘a‘, 3: ‘a‘, 5: ‘a‘, 6: ‘a‘, 7: ‘a‘}
####
items()
>>> dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘,‘k3‘:‘v3‘}
>>> dic.items()
dict_items([(‘k1‘, ‘v1‘), (‘k2‘, ‘v2‘), (‘k3‘, ‘v3‘)])
####
keys()
>>> dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘,‘k3‘:‘v3‘}
>>> dic.keys()
dict_keys([‘k1‘, ‘k2‘, ‘k3‘])
####
pop()
>>> dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘,‘k3‘:‘v3‘}
>>> dic.pop(‘k2‘)
‘v2‘
>>> dic
{‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k3‘: ‘v3‘}
####
popitme()
>>> dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘,‘k3‘:‘v3‘}
>>> dic.popitem()
(‘k2‘, ‘v2‘)
>>> dic
{‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k3‘:‘v3‘}
####
setdefault()
>>> dic = {‘k1‘:‘v1‘,‘k2‘:‘v2‘,‘k3‘:‘v3‘}
>>> dic.setdefault(‘k2‘)
‘v2‘
>>> dic.setdefault(‘k4‘,‘v4‘)
‘v4‘
>>> dic
{‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k4‘: ‘v4‘, ‘k2‘: ‘v2‘, ‘k3‘: ‘v3‘}
####
update()
>>> dic
{‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k4‘: ‘v4‘, ‘k2‘: ‘v2‘, ‘k3‘: ‘v3‘}
>>> dic2
{‘k5‘: ‘v5‘}
>>> dic.update(dic2)
>>> dic
{‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k5‘: ‘v5‘, ‘k4‘: ‘v4‘, ‘k2‘: ‘v2‘, ‘k3‘: ‘v3‘}
>>> dic2
{‘k5‘: ‘v5‘}
####
values()
>>> dic
{‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k2‘: ‘v2‘, ‘k3‘: ‘v3‘}
>>> dic.values()
dict_values([‘v1‘, ‘v2‘, ‘v3‘])
####
 
 
 

python基础知识-列表,元组,字典

标签:

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/binges/p/5118998.html

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