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我现在学的是spring4.2
今天主要学习了Spring MVC注解
引入注解可以减少我们的代码量,优化我们的代码。
@Controller:用于标识是处理器类;
@RequestMapping:请求到处理器功能方法的映射规则;
还是以示例来解释说明
1 创建springAnnotation02项目,导入jar包。
这里的web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>springmvc01</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- 前端控制器 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springAnnotation</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 默认情况下:DispatcherServlet会寻找WEB-INF下,命名规范为[servlet-name]-servlet.xml文件。如:在上例中,它就会找/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml 如果需要修改,需要在web.xml中的<servlet>标记中增加 <init-param>。。。 </init-param>:--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/springAnnotation-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param>
<!-- load-on-startup:表示启动容器时初始化该Servlet; --> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springAnnotation</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 动态设置项目的运行路径 --> <context-param> <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name> <param-value>spring.root</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 加载LOG4J --> <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/log4j.xml</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name> <param-value>60000</param-value> </context-param> <!-- spring Web MVC框架提供了org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter 用于解决POST方式造成的中文乱码问题 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 启动log4j日志管理 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener> </web-app>
1 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 2 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 4 xsi:schemaLocation= 5 "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
修改过后的springAnnotation-servlet.xml。
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
使用Spring mvc注解时一个完整的springAnnotation-servlet.xml配置如下:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 5 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 6 xsi:schemaLocation= 7 "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd 10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 11 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> 12 13 <!--开启注解 --> 14 <mvc:annotation-driven /> 15 16 <!--启用自动扫描 --> 17 <context:component-scan base-package="com.cy.springannotation.controller" /> 18 19 <!--配置视图解析器 --> 20 <!-- ViewResolver 视图解析器 用于将返回的ModelAndView对象进行分离 21 InternalResourceViewResolver:用于支持Servlet、JSP视图解析; 22 viewClass:JstlView表示JSP模板页面需要使用JSTL标签库,classpath中必须包含jstl的相关jar包; 23 prefix和suffix:查找视图页面的前缀和后缀(前缀[逻辑视图名]后缀), 24 比如传进来的逻辑视图名为WEB-INF/jsp/hello,则该该jsp视图页面应该存放在“WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp”; --> 25 26 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 27 <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property> 28 <property name="prefix" value="/"></property> <!-- 我这里的视图直接放在WebRoot下的 --> 29 <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> 30 </bean> 31 32 <!-- 为何不配置HandlerMapping?因为基于注解时,会自动使用DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping --> 33 34 </beans>
接下来,我们完成一个最简单的通过控制实现页面间的跳转。
一个有提交的页面
1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%> 2 <% 3 String path = request.getContextPath(); 4 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; 5 %> 6 7 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> 8 <html> 9 <head> 10 <base href="<%=basePath%>"> 11 12 <title>登录页面</title> 13 14 <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> 15 <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> 16 <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> 17 <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> 18 <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> 19 <!-- 20 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> 21 --> 22 23 </head> 24 25 <body> 26 <form action="login.do" method="post"> 27 <table> 28 <tr> 29 <td>用户名:</td> 30 <td><input type="text" name="username"/></td> 31 </tr> 32 <tr> 33 <td>班级</td> 34 <td><input type="text" name="clazz"/></td> 35 </tr> 36 <tr> 37 <td colspan="2"> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </td> 38 </tr> 39 </table> 40 </form> 41 </body> 42 </html>
控制器
1 package com.cy.springannotation.controller; 2 3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 5 6 @Controller // @Controller告知Spring容器这是一个控制器组件 7 public class LoginController { 8 @RequestMapping("/login.do") // @RequestMapping告知该方法是针对/login.do请求的处理方法 9 public String login(String username){ 10 System.out.println(username); 11 return "index"; // 返回的字符串被当做ViewName 12 13 14 } 15 }
以上的代码就可以进行一个简单的页面跳转。
接下来进一步了解@RequestMapping的特性
1 @Controller 2 @RequestMapping("/test") 3 public class login.doController { 4 5 @RequestMapping("/login.do") 6 public String login(){ 7 return "index"; 8 } 9 } 10 11 //此时代表请求该方法的路径是:/test/login.spring
@RequestMapping(value=“/users/**”) 匹配“/users/abc/abc”;
@RequestMapping(value="/product?") 匹配“/product1”或“/producta”,但不匹配“/product”或“/productaa”;
@RequestMapping(value="/product*") 匹配“/productabc”或“/product”,但不匹配“/productabc/abc”;
@RequestMapping(value="/product/*") 匹配“/product/abc”,但不匹配“/productabc”;
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",params="flag") 代表请求中必须要有名为flag的提交项
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",params="!flag") 代表请求中不能有名为flag的提交项
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",params="flag=hello") 代表请求中必须有名为flag的提交项,且值为hello
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",params="flag!=hello") 代表请求中如果有名为flag的提交项,其值不能为hello
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",params={"flag1","flag2=hello"})代表请求中必须有名为flag1的提交项,同时必须有名为flag2的提交项,且flag2的值必须为hello
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",method=RequestMethod.POST)
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do",method=RequestMethod.GET)
@RequestMapping(value="/login.do", method= {RequestMethod.POST, RequestMethod.GET}"
接下来是:请求处理方法可接收参数
Spring MVC 基础注解之@RequestMapping、@Controller、(二)
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/hellokitty1/p/5161217.html