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1.1何为SpringMVC?
Spring Web MVC是一种基于Java的实现了Web MVC设计模式的请求驱动类型的轻量级Web框架,即使用了MVC架构模式的思想,将web层进行职责解耦,基于请求驱动指的就是使用请求-响应模型,框架的目的就是帮助我们简化开发,Spring Web MVC也是要简化我们日常Web开发的。
另外还有一种基于组件的、事件驱动的Web框架在此就不介绍了,如Tapestry、JSF等。
Spring Web MVC也是服务到工作者模式的实现,但进行可优化。前端控制器是DispatcherServlet;
应用控制器其实拆为处理器映射器(Handler Mapping)进行处理器管理和视图解析器(View Resolver)进行视图管理;页面控制器/动作/处理器为Controller接口(仅包含ModelAndView handleRequest(request, response)
方法)的实现(也可以是任何的POJO类);支持本地化(Locale)解析、主题(Theme)解析及文件上传等;提供了非常灵活的数据验证、格式化和数据绑定机制;提供了强大的约定大于配置(惯例优先原则)的契约式编程支持。
1.2优点
√让我们能非常简单的设计出干净的Web层和薄薄的Web层;
√进行更简洁的Web层的开发;
√天生与Spring框架集成(如IoC容器、AOP等);
√提供强大的约定大于配置的契约式编程支持;
√能简单的进行Web层的单元测试;
√支持灵活的URL到页面控制器的映射;
√非常容易与其他视图技术集成,如Velocity、FreeMarker等等,因为模型数据不放在特定的API里,而是放在一个Model里(Map
数据结构实现,因此很容易被其他框架使用);
√非常灵活的数据验证、格式化和数据绑定机制,能使用任何对象进行数据绑定,不必实现特定框架的API;
√提供一套强大的JSP标签库,简化JSP开发;
√支持灵活的本地化、主题等解析;
√更加简单的异常处理;
√对静态资源的支持;
√支持Restful风格。
1.3 请求流程
图1-1
具体执行步骤如下:
1、 首先用户发送请求————>前端控制器,前端控制器根据请求信息(如URL)来决定选择哪一个页面控制器进行处理并把请求委托给它,即以前的控制器的控制逻辑部分;图1-1中的1、2步骤;
2、 页面控制器接收到请求后,进行功能处理,首先需要收集和绑定请求参数到一个对象,这个对象在Spring Web MVC中叫命令对象,并进行验证,然后将命令对象委托给业务对象进行处理;处理完毕后返回一个ModelAndView(模型数据和逻辑视图名);图1-1中的3、4、5步骤;
3、 前端控制器收回控制权,然后根据返回的逻辑视图名,选择相应的视图进行渲染,并把模型数据传入以便视图渲染;图1-1中的步骤6、7;
4、 前端控制器再次收回控制权,将响应返回给用户,图1-1中的步骤8;至此整个结束。
2.1 HelloWorld入门
☆开发工具:eclipse
☆运行环境:tomcat6.0.20
☆工程:动态web工程(springmvc-chapter2)
☆spring框架下载:
spring-framework-3.1.1.RELEASE-with-docs.zip
☆依赖jar包:
1、 Spring框架jar包:
为了简单,将spring-framework-3.1.1.RELEASE-with-docs.zip/dist/下的所有jar包拷贝到项目的WEB-INF/lib目录下;
2、 Spring框架依赖的jar包:
需要添加Apache commons logging日志,此处使用的是commons.logging-1.1.1.jar;
需要添加jstl标签库支持,此处使用的是jstl-1.1.2.jar和standard-1.1.2.jar
2.2.1 配置文件
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 这里的参数如果不配置,则默认查找web-inf下的{servlet-name}-servlet.xml文件 --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>pages/index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
dispatcher-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd"> <!-- Spring MVC配置 --> <context:annotation-config /> <!--扫描注解 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.lhl.usersystem.action" /> <!--默认的mvc注解映射的支持 --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- 支持异步方法执行 --> <task:annotation-driven /> <!-- 视图解析器和json解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver"> <property name="mediaTypes"> <map> <entry key="html" value="text/html"/> <entry key="json" value="application/json"/> </map> </property> <property name="viewResolvers"> <list> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!--可为空,方便实现自已的依据扩展名来选择视图解释类的逻辑 --> <property name="prefix" value="/pages/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> </list> </property> <property name="defaultViews"> <list> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView" /> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 文件上传解析器 --> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <!-- one of the properties available; the maximum file size in bytes --> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="-1"/> </bean> <!-- 总错误处理 --> <bean id="exceptionResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <property name="defaultErrorView"> <value>/error</value> </property> <property name="defaultStatusCode"> <value>500</value> </property> <property name="warnLogCategory"> <value>org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver </value> </property> </bean> <!-- 对静态资源文件的访问 --> <mvc:resources mapping="/images/**" location="/images/" cache-period="31556926" /> <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/" cache-period="31556926" /> <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/" cache-period="31556926" /> </beans>
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd"> <!-- Spring MVC配置 --> <context:annotation-config /> <!--扫描注解 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.lhl.usersystem.service" /> <!--默认的mvc注解映射的支持 --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- 支持异步方法执行 --> <task:annotation-driven /> <!-- 数据库和事务配置 --> <!-- 加载配置文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" /> <!-- 定义数据源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClass"> <value>${jdbc.driverClassName}</value> </property> <property name="jdbcUrl"> <value>${jdbc.url}</value> </property> <property name="user"> <value>${jdbc.username}</value> </property> <property name="password"> <value>${jdbc.password}</value> </property> <!--连接池中保留的最小连接数。 --> <property name="minPoolSize"> <value>${jdbc.cpool.minPoolSize}</value> </property> <!--连接池中保留的最大连接数。Default: 15 --> <property name="maxPoolSize"> <value>${jdbc.cpool.maxPoolSize}</value> </property> <!--初始化时获取的连接数,取值应在minPoolSize与maxPoolSize之间。Default: 3 --> <property name="initialPoolSize"> <value>${jdbc.cpool.initialPoolSize}</value> </property> </bean> <!-- 定义jdbcTemplate --> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource"> <ref bean="dataSource"/> </property> </bean> <bean id="namedParameterJdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcTemplate"> <constructor-arg><ref bean="dataSource"/></constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 定义事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource"> <ref bean="dataSource" /> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置事务特性 ,配置add、delete和update开始的方法,事务传播特性为required --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="login*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="regist*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="*" read-only="true" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 配置那些类的方法进行事务管理 --> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="allManagerMethod" expression="execution (* com.lhl.usersystem.service.*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="allManagerMethod" /> </aop:config> </beans>
2.2.2 jsp
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <%@ include file="/commons/taglibs.jsp" %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>首页</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <script type="text/javascript"> var login = "<%=request.getParameter("login")%>"; var register = "<%=request.getParameter("register")%>"; function loadHandler() { if (login == "failed") { document.getElementById("loginTip").style.display = ""; document.getElementById("loginMsg").innerHTML = "用户名或密码错误"; } else if (login == "mustlogin") { document.getElementById("loginTip").style.display = ""; document.getElementById("loginMsg").innerHTML = "请先登录再访问其他页面"; } if (register == "success") { document.getElementById("registerTip").style.display = ""; document.getElementById("tipMsg").innerHTML = "注册成功,可以去登录了"; } else if (register == "exists") { document.getElementById("registerTip").style.display = ""; document.getElementById("tipMsg").innerHTML = "用户名已经存在"; } } </script> </head> <body onload="loadHandler()"> <table style="margin: 50px;" align="center"> <tr> <td> <form action="${ctx}/user/login.do" method="post"> <table> <tr> <td colspan="2">已经有帐号,登录</td> </tr> <tr> <td>用户名</td> <td><input type="text" name="username" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>密码</td> <td><input type="password" name="password" /></td> </tr> <tr id="loginTip" style="color: red;display: none;"> <td colspan="2" id="loginMsg">用户名或密码错误</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="登录" /></td> </tr> </table> </form> </td> <td style="padding: 100px;"> <form action="${ctx }/user/register.do" method="post"> <table> <tr> <td colspan="2">还没有帐号,注册</td> </tr> <tr> <td>用户名</td> <td><input type="text" name="username" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>密码</td> <td><input type="password" name="password" /></td> </tr> <tr id="registerTip" style="color: red;display: none;"> <td id="tipMsg" colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="注册" /></td> </tr> </table> </form> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>
2.2.3 Action
UserAction.java
package com.lhl.usersystem.action; import java.util.Map; import javax.annotation.Resource; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.util.DigestUtils; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import com.lhl.usersystem.service.UserService; @Controller @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserAction { @Resource private UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/login") public ModelAndView login(@RequestParam("username") String username, @RequestParam("password") String password, HttpServletRequest req) { Map result = userService.checkLogin(username, password); if (result != null) { String token = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(req.getSession().getId().getBytes()); req.getSession().setAttribute("OnlineUser", result); req.getSession().setAttribute("token", token); return new ModelAndView("redirect:/pages/welcome.jsp"); } return new ModelAndView("redirect:/pages/index.jsp?login=failed"); } @RequestMapping("/save") public String save(@RequestParam("id") String id, @RequestParam("token") String token, @RequestParam("name") String name, @RequestParam("sex") String sex, @RequestParam("birthday") String birthday, HttpServletRequest req) { String sesstoken = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(req.getSession().getId().getBytes()); if (!StringUtils.equals(sesstoken, token)) { return "redirect:/pages/welcome.jsp?save=invalidtoken"; } userService.save(id, name, sex, birthday); Map result = userService.get(id); req.getSession().setAttribute("OnlineUser", result); return "redirect:/pages/welcome.jsp?save=success"; } @RequestMapping("/logout") public String logout(HttpServletRequest req) { req.getSession().removeAttribute("OnlineUser"); req.getSession().removeAttribute("token"); return "redirect:/pages/index.jsp"; } @RequestMapping("/register") public String register(@RequestParam("username") String username, @RequestParam("password") String password) { Map result = userService.getByUsername(username); if (result != null) { return "redirect:/pages/index.jsp?register=exists"; } userService.register(username, password); return "redirect:/pages/index.jsp?register=success"; } }
2.2.4 jsp
welcome.jsp
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <%@ include file="/commons/taglibs.jsp" %> <% Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("OnlineUser"); if (user == null) { response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/pages/index.jsp?login=mustlogin"); } %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>Welcome</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <script type="text/javascript" src="${ctx}/My97DatePicker/WdatePicker.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var save = "<%=request.getParameter("save")%>"; function loadHandler() { if (save == "success") { document.getElementById("saveTip").style.display = ""; document.getElementById("tipMsg").innerHTML = "保存成功"; } else if (save == "invalidtoken") { document.getElementById("saveTip").style.display = ""; document.getElementById("tipMsg").innerHTML = "Token无效"; } } </script> </head> <body onload="loadHandler()"> <div align="center" style="font-size: 30px">Welcome</div> <div align="center" style="padding-top:100px;"> 修改个人信息 <a href="${ctx }/user/logout.do">退出</a> <form action="${ctx}/user/save.do" method="post"> <table> <tr> <td>Token</td> <td><input type="text" name="token" value="${token}" readonly="readonly" style="color: gray;border: 0px" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>用户ID</td> <td><input type="text" name="id" value="${OnlineUser.id }" readonly="readonly" style="color: gray;border: 0px" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>用户名</td> <td><input type="text" name="username" value="${OnlineUser.username }" readonly="readonly" style="color: gray;border: 0px" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>姓名</td> <td><input type="text" name="name" value="${OnlineUser.name }" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>性别</td> <td> <label>男<input type="radio" name="sex" value="man" <c:if test="${OnlineUser.sex == ‘man‘}">checked="checked"</c:if> /></label> <label>女<input type="radio" name="sex" value="woman" <c:if test="${OnlineUser.sex == ‘woman‘}">checked="checked"</c:if> /></label> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>生日</td> <td><input type="text" readonly="readonly" name="birthday" value="${OnlineUser.birthday }" onFocus="WdatePicker()" /></td> </tr> <tr id="saveTip" style="color: red;display: none;"> <td colspan="2" id="tipMsg">保存成功</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="保存" /></td> </tr> </table> </form> </div> </body> </html>
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/zyxiaohuihui/p/5201605.html