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ICP算法及其变种

时间:2016-03-02 12:50:49      阅读:1962      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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Iterative Closest Point (ICP) [1][2][3] is an algorithm employed to minimize the difference between two clouds of points.

分类法(1)

•全局匹配算法 Globe
•局部匹配算法Local

分类法(2)

•基于点的匹配
•基于特征的匹配
•点特征
•VPF
•FHPF
•…
•基于线特征
•"Algorithms for Matching 3D Line Sets."
•"Line segment-based approach for accuracy assessment of MLS point clouds in urban areas.“
•Poreba, M. and F. Goulette (2015). "A robust linear feature-based procedure for automated registration of point clouds." Sensors (Basel) 15(1): 1435-1457.

改进ICP算法

•加快搜索效率
•K-D树
•Voronoi图
•不同的距离量测方式
•点到点
•点到线 PLICP
•Censi, A. (2008). "An ICP variant using a point-to-line metric." IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation. IEEE,: 19-25.
•CSM(Canonical Scan Matcher)源码     http://censi.mit.edu/software/csm/
•点到面
•Low, K.-L. (2004).   

ICP算法求解

•Closed Form
•SVD
•Unit Quaternions单位四元数
•The ICP error function minimization via orthonormal matrices
•Dual Quaternions
•数值解法
•LM算法 (Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm)
•Jerbi?, B., et al. (2015). "Robot Assisted 3D Point Cloud Object Registration." Procedia Engineering 100: 847-852.
•点到面线性最小二乘法
•Low, K.-L. (2004). "Linear Least-Squares Optimization for Point-to-Plane ICP Surface Registration."

IDC

The idc algorithm does a point-to-point correspondence for calculating the scan alignment. The correspondence problem is solved by two heuristics: the closest point rule and the matching range rule. Furthermore, a formula is provided for calculating an error covariance matrix of the scan matching

标准ICP算法是最早提出的基于点-点距离的算法,另外一种是基于点-面的算法,由chen提出,好多文献所说的恶Chen‘s Method。

标准的ICP算法需要粗配,满足距离足够近这一条件之后才能进行精确配准。

由于Outliner的存在,即观测误差和离群点存在,以及部分重叠问题,粗配之后的数据再进行精配的过程中仍然存在不稳健的问题(Robust问题),因此提出了稳健ICP方法。如SICP

一般的ICP算法(上述的)是局部优化算法,还存在全局优化的问题,即不需要单独粗配,直接一步到位。很多的ICP算法都是稳健的方法,但是并不是全局的优化方法。全局的方法有Super4PCS、三点Ransac等。

http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/12627-iterative-closest-point-method

http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/27804-iterative-closest-point

http://projects.asl.ethz.ch/datasets/doku.php?id=laserregistration:laserregistration

ICP算法及其变种

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/yhlx125/p/4955337.html

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