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1 template <typename T> 2 void print(T,_t) 3 { 4 cout<< _t << endl; 5 } 6 print(1); 7 print(“hello”); 8 print(&a);
模板函数：类型参数的值确定。void print(T,_t);
4. 普通函数和函数模板的区别：
普通函数：参数值未定，但参数类型确定。
函数模板：不仅参数的值不确定，连参数的类型都不确定，我们使用template来创建模板关键字这是一种 更高级的 复用。
5. 课堂练习
1. 函数模板：
1 #include <iostream> 2 using namespace std; 3 4 5 //void printArray(int* array, int size) 6 //{ 7 // for (int i=0; i< size; i++) { 8 // cout << array[i]; 9 // if (i<(size-1)) { 10 // cout << ", "; 11 // } 12 // } 13 // cout<<endl; 14 //} 15 // 16 //void printArray(float* array, int size) 17 //{ 18 // for (int i=0; i< size; i++) { 19 // cout << array[i]; 20 // if (i<(size-1)) { 21 // cout << ", "; 22 // } 23 // } 24 // cout<<endl; 25 //} 26 //void printArray(char** array, int size) 27 //{ 28 // for (int i=0; i< size; i++) { 29 // cout << array[i]; 30 // if (i<(size-1)) { 31 // cout << ", "; 32 // } 33 // } 34 // cout<<endl; 35 //} 36 37 template <typename T> 38 void printArray(T* array,int size) 39 { 40 for (int i=0; i<size; i++) { 41 cout << array[i]; 42 43 if (i<(size-1)) { 44 cout << ", "; 45 } 46 } 47 cout << endl; 48 } 49 50 int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { 51 52 const int max = 5; 53 int iarray[max] = {3,4,5,6,7}; 54 float farray[max] = {2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5}; 55 char* cArray[max] = {"df", "fvc" , "zdf", "ht", "dsfa"}; 56 57 printArray(iarray, max); 58 printArray(farray, 5); 59 printArray(cArray, 5); 60 61 return 0; 62 }
2. 类模板
1 #include <iostream> 2 using namespace std; 3 4 template <typename T> 5 class Stack 6 { 7 private: 8 int size; 9 int top; 10 T* stackPtr; 11 12 public: 13 Stack(int s = 10); 14 ~Stack(); 15 16 int push(const T&); 17 int pop(T&); 18 int isEmpty() const; 19 int isFull() const; 20 21 void printOn(ostream& output); 22 }; 23 24 template <typename T> 25 Stack<T>::~Stack(){ 26 if (stackPtr != NULL) { 27 delete [] stackPtr; 28 stackPtr = NULL; 29 } 30 } 31 32 template <typename T> 33 Stack<T>::Stack(int s){ 34 size = s; 35 top=-1; 36 stackPtr = new T[size]; 37 } 38 39 template <typename T> 40 int Stack<T>::push(const T& item){ 41 if (!isFull()) { 42 stackPtr[++top] = item; 43 return 1; 44 } 45 return 0; 46 } 47 48 template <typename T> 49 int Stack<T>::pop(T& item){ 50 if (!isEmpty()) { 51 item = stackPtr[top--]; 52 return 1; 53 } 54 return 0; 55 } 56 57 template <typename T> 58 int Stack<T>::isEmpty() const{ 59 return top == -1; 60 } 61 62 template <typename T> 63 int Stack<T>::isFull() const{ 64 return top == size-1; 65 } 66 67 68 template <typename T> 69 void Stack<T>::printOn(ostream& output){ 70 output << "Stack( "; 71 for (int i = 0; i <= top; i++) { 72 output << stackPtr[i]; 73 if (i<top) 74 { 75 cout<<", "; 76 } 77 } 78 output << ")\n"; 79 } 80 int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { 81 82 cout<<"*********添加整型元素*************\n"; 83 Stack<int> stack; 84 for (int i=0; i<5; i++) { 85 stack.push(i*10); 86 } 87 stack.printOn(cout); 88 89 cout<<"*********删除浮点型元素*************\n"; 90 Stack<float> stack1; 91 for (int i=0; i<5; i++) { 92 stack1.push(i*10); 93 } 94 for (int i=0; i<5; i++) { 95 float f; 96 stack1.pop(f); 97 cout << f <<endl; 98 } 99 stack1.printOn(cout); 100 101 cout<<"*********添加字符元素*************\n"; 102 103 char* c[5]={"one", "two", "three", "four", "five"}; 104 Stack<char*> stack2; 105 for (int i=0; i<5; i++) { 106 stack2.push(c[i]); 107 } 108 stack2.printOn(cout); 109 110 return 0; 111 }
3. 类模板默认值与多个模板参数
1 #include <iostream> 2 using namespace std; 3 4 template <typename T = int> 5 class A { 6 T t; 7 public: 8 A(){ 9 t = 10; 10 } 11 void print(){ 12 cout << t << endl; 13 } 14 }; 15 16 17 template <typename T1 ,typename S> 18 void test(T1 t, S s) { 19 cout << t << endl; 20 cout << s << endl; 21 } 22 int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { 23 cout<<"*********类模板默认值**********\n"; 24 A<> a; 25 a.print(); 26 27 cout<<"*********多个模板参数**********\n"; 28 int m = 20; 29 char* n = "Hello"; 30 test(m, n); 31 32 return 0; 33 }
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/cai1432452416/p/5241962.html
