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Java通过Executors提供四种线程池,分别为:
newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。
newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。
(1) newCachedThreadPool
创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。示例代码如下:
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- try {
- Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- System.out.println(index);
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
线程池为无限大,当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成,会复用执行第一个任务的线程,而不用每次新建线程。
(2) newFixedThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。示例代码如下:
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- System.out.println(index);
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
因为线程池大小为3,每个任务输出index后sleep 2秒,所以每两秒打印3个数字。
定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
(3) newScheduledThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。延迟执行示例代码如下:
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
- scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
- }
- }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- }
- }
表示延迟3秒执行。
定期执行示例代码如下:
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
- scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
- }
- }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- }
- }
表示延迟1秒后每3秒执行一次。
(4) newSingleThreadExecutor
创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。示例代码如下:
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- System.out.println(index);
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
结果依次输出,相当于顺序执行各个任务。
你可以使用JDK自带的监控工具来监控我们创建的线程数量,运行一个不终止的线程,创建指定量的线程,来观察:
工具目录:C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_06\bin\jconsole.exe
运行程序做稍微修改:
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- while(true) {
- System.out.println(index);
- Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
- }
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- try {
- Thread.sleep(500);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
效果如下:
选择我们运行的程序:
监控运行状态
Java四种线程池的使用
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/wzyxidian/p/5294148.html