文件的上传
说明:文件上传使用的时POST请求,通常把要上传的数据保存在请求体中。本文介绍如何不借助第三方框架实现iOS开发中得文件上传。
由于过程较为复杂,因此本文只贴出部分关键代码。
主控制器的关键代码:
YYViewController.m
#import "YYViewController.h"
#define YYEncode(str) [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]
@interface YYViewController ()
@end
@implementation YYViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}
- (void)upload:(NSString *)name filename:(NSString *)filename mimeType:(NSString *)mimeType data:(NSData *)data parmas:(NSDictionary *)params
{
// 文件上传
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://192.168.1.200:8080/YYServer/upload"];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
request.HTTPMethod = @"POST";
// 设置请求体
NSMutableData *body = [NSMutableData data];
/***************文件参数***************/
// 参数开始的标志
[body appendData:YYEncode(@"--YY\r\n")];
// name : 指定参数名(必须跟服务器端保持一致)
// filename : 文件名
NSString *disposition = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%@\"; filename=\"%@\"\r\n", name, filename];
[body appendData:YYEncode(disposition)];
NSString *type = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Content-Type: %@\r\n", mimeType];
[body appendData:YYEncode(type)];
[body appendData:YYEncode(@"\r\n")];
[body appendData:data];
[body appendData:YYEncode(@"\r\n")];
/***************普通参数***************/
[params enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop) {
// 参数开始的标志
[body appendData:YYEncode(@"--YY\r\n")];
NSString *disposition = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%@\"\r\n", key];
[body appendData:YYEncode(disposition)];
[body appendData:YYEncode(@"\r\n")];
[body appendData:YYEncode(obj)];
[body appendData:YYEncode(@"\r\n")];
}];
/***************参数结束***************/
// YY--\r\n
[body appendData:YYEncode(@"--YY--\r\n")];
request.HTTPBody = body;
// 设置请求头
// 请求体的长度
[request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%zd", body.length] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];
// 声明这个POST请求是个文件上传
[request setValue:@"multipart/form-data; boundary=YY" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
// 发送请求
[NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request queue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSData *data, NSError *connectionError) {
if (data) {
NSDictionary *dict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingMutableLeaves error:nil];
NSLog(@"%@", dict);
} else {
NSLog(@"上传失败");
}
}];
}
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
// Socket 实现断点上传
//apache-tomcat-6.0.41/conf/web.xml 查找 文件的 mimeType
// UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"test"];
// NSData *filedata = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);
// [self upload:@"file" filename:@"test.png" mimeType:@"image/png" data:filedata parmas:@{@"username" : @"123"}];
// 给本地文件发送一个请求
NSURL *fileurl = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"itcast.txt" withExtension:nil];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:fileurl];
NSURLResponse *repsonse = nil;
NSData *data = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:&repsonse error:nil];
// 得到mimeType
NSLog(@"%@", repsonse.MIMEType);
[self upload:@"file" filename:@"itcast.txt" mimeType:repsonse.MIMEType data:data parmas:@{
@"username" : @"999",
@"type" : @"XML"}];
}
@end
补充说明:
文件上传请求数据格式
部分文件的MIMEType
多线程断点下载
说明:本文介绍多线程断点下载。项目中使用了苹果自带的类,实现了同时开启多条线程下载一个较大的文件。因为实现过程较为复杂,所以下面贴出完整的代码。
实现思路:下载开始,创建一个和要下载的文件大小相同的文件(如果要下载的文件为100M,那么就在沙盒中创建一个100M的文件,然后计算每一段的下载量,开启多条线程下载各段的数据,分别写入对应的文件部分)。
项目中用到的主要类如下:
完成的实现代码如下:
主控制器中的代码:
#import "YYViewController.h"
#import "YYFileMultiDownloader.h"
@interface YYViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) YYFileMultiDownloader *fileMultiDownloader;
@end
@implementation YYViewController
- (YYFileMultiDownloader *)fileMultiDownloader
{
if (!_fileMultiDownloader) {
_fileMultiDownloader = [[YYFileMultiDownloader alloc] init];
// 需要下载的文件远程URL
_fileMultiDownloader.url = @"http://192.168.1.200:8080/MJServer/resources/jre.zip";
// 文件保存到什么地方
NSString *caches = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
NSString *filepath = [caches stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"jre.zip"];
_fileMultiDownloader.destPath = filepath;
}
return _fileMultiDownloader;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
}
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
[self.fileMultiDownloader start];
}
@end
自定义一个基类
YYFileDownloader.h文件
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface YYFileDownloader : NSObject
{
BOOL _downloading;
}
/**
* 所需要下载文件的远程URL(连接服务器的路径)
*/
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *url;
/**
* 文件的存储路径(文件下载到什么地方)
*/
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *destPath;
/**
* 是否正在下载(有没有在下载, 只有下载器内部才知道)
*/
@property (nonatomic, readonly, getter = isDownloading) BOOL downloading;
/**
* 用来监听下载进度
*/
@property (nonatomic, copy) void (^progressHandler)(double progress);
/**
* 开始(恢复)下载
*/
- (void)start;
/**
* 暂停下载
*/
- (void)pause;
@end
YYFileDownloader.m文件
#import "YYFileDownloader.h"
@implementation YYFileDownloader
@end
下载器类继承自YYFileDownloader这个类
YYFileSingDownloader.h文件
#import "YYFileDownloader.h"
@interface YYFileSingleDownloader : YYFileDownloader
/**
* 开始的位置
*/
@property (nonatomic, assign) long long begin;
/**
* 结束的位置
*/
@property (nonatomic, assign) long long end;
@end
YYFileSingDownloader.m文件
#import "YYFileSingleDownloader.h"
@interface YYFileSingleDownloader() <NSURLConnectionDataDelegate>
/**
* 连接对象
*/
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSURLConnection *conn;
/**
* 写数据的文件句柄
*/
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSFileHandle *writeHandle;
/**
* 当前已下载数据的长度
*/
@property (nonatomic, assign) long long currentLength;
@end
@implementation YYFileSingleDownloader
- (NSFileHandle *)writeHandle
{
if (!_writeHandle) {
_writeHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForWritingAtPath:self.destPath];
}
return _writeHandle;
}
/**
* 开始(恢复)下载
*/
- (void)start
{
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:self.url];
// 默认就是GET请求
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
// 设置请求头信息
NSString *value = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"bytes=%lld-%lld", self.begin + self.currentLength, self.end];
[request setValue:value forHTTPHeaderField:@"Range"];
self.conn = [NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self];
_downloading = YES;
}
/**
* 暂停下载
*/
- (void)pause
{
[self.conn cancel];
self.conn = nil;
_downloading = NO;
}
#pragma mark - NSURLConnectionDataDelegate 代理方法
/**
* 1. 当接受到服务器的响应(连通了服务器)就会调用
*/
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
{
}
/**
* 2. 当接受到服务器的数据就会调用(可能会被调用多次, 每次调用只会传递部分数据)
*/
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
{
// 移动到文件的尾部
[self.writeHandle seekToFileOffset:self.begin + self.currentLength];
// 从当前移动的位置(文件尾部)开始写入数据
[self.writeHandle writeData:data];
// 累加长度
self.currentLength += data.length;
// 打印下载进度
double progress = (double)self.currentLength / (self.end - self.begin);
if (self.progressHandler) {
self.progressHandler(progress);
}
}
/**
* 3. 当服务器的数据接受完毕后就会调用
*/
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection
{
// 清空属性值
self.currentLength = 0;
// 关闭连接(不再输入数据到文件中)
[self.writeHandle closeFile];
self.writeHandle = nil;
}
/**
* 请求错误(失败)的时候调用(请求超时\断网\没有网, 一般指客户端错误)
*/
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
{
}
@end
设计多线程下载器(利用HMFileMultiDownloader能开启多个线程同时下载一个文件)
一个多线程下载器只下载一个文件
YYFileMultiDownloader.h文件
#import "YYFileDownloader.h"
@interface YYFileMultiDownloader : YYFileDownloader
@end
YYFileMultiDownloader.m文件
#import "YYFileMultiDownloader.h"
#import "YYFileSingleDownloader.h"
#define YYMaxDownloadCount 4
@interface YYFileMultiDownloader()
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *singleDownloaders;
@property (nonatomic, assign) long long totalLength;
@end
@implementation YYFileMultiDownloader
- (void)getFilesize
{
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:self.url]];
request.HTTPMethod = @"HEAD";
NSURLResponse *response = nil;
#warning 这里要用异步请求
[NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:&response error:nil];
self.totalLength = response.expectedContentLength;
}
- (NSMutableArray *)singleDownloaders
{
if (!_singleDownloaders) {
_singleDownloaders = [NSMutableArray array];
// 获得文件大小
[self getFilesize];
// 每条路径的下载量
long long size = 0;
if (self.totalLength % YYMaxDownloadCount == 0) {
size = self.totalLength / YYMaxDownloadCount;
} else {
size = self.totalLength / YYMaxDownloadCount + 1;
}
// 创建N个下载器
for (int i = 0; i<YYMaxDownloadCount; i++) {
YYFileSingleDownloader *singleDownloader = [[YYFileSingleDownloader alloc] init];
singleDownloader.url = self.url;
singleDownloader.destPath = self.destPath;
singleDownloader.begin = i * size;
singleDownloader.end = singleDownloader.begin + size - 1;
singleDownloader.progressHandler = ^(double progress){
NSLog(@"%d --- %f", i, progress);
};
[_singleDownloaders addObject:singleDownloader];
}
// 创建一个跟服务器文件等大小的临时文件
[[NSFileManager defaultManager] createFileAtPath:self.destPath contents:nil attributes:nil];
// 让self.destPath文件的长度是self.totalLengt
NSFileHandle *handle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForWritingAtPath:self.destPath];
[handle truncateFileAtOffset:self.totalLength];
}
return _singleDownloaders;
}
/**
* 开始(恢复)下载
*/
- (void)start
{
[self.singleDownloaders makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(start)];
_downloading = YES;
}
/**
* 暂停下载
*/
- (void)pause
{
[self.singleDownloaders makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(pause)];
_downloading = NO;
}
@end
补充说明:如何获得将要下载的文件的大小?