1、搭建LAMP环境，并实践基于DNS做基于域名的虚拟主机。
搭建LAMP环境:
[root@mini ~]# yum install httpd mariadb-server php php-mysql
初始化mariadb:
[root@mini ~]# mysql_secure_installation
基于DNS做基于域名的虚拟主机
[root@mini ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/myhoust.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.myhost.com DocumentRoot "/web/" </VirtualHost>
2、基于1题目中的环境，重新搭建一个同样的环境，要求：
a)实现web服务文件更新的自动同步到另一台机器上
host1
[root@mini ~]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind [root@mini ~]# vim /etc/exports /web *(rw,sync)
host2
[root@ee-a ~]# mount -t nfs 10.9.9.7:/web /web
b)数据库实现主从复制
master:ee-o
my.cnf log-bin=/tmp/mysql-bin server-id=1
slava:ee-a
my.cnf log-bin=/tmp/mysql-bin server-id=2
2.授权slave
MariaDB [ab]> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘ee-a‘@‘10.9.9.16‘;
3.查看bin日志
MariaDB [(none)]> show master logs; +-----------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +-----------------+-----------+ | mysql-bi.000001 | 245 | +-----------------+-----------+
4.salve
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to -> master_host=‘10.9.9.1‘, -> master_port=3306, -> master_user=‘ee-a‘, -> master_password=‘‘, -> master_log_file=‘mysql-bi.000001‘, -> master_log_pos=245; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
c)通过shell脚本实现网站源代码备份和mysql备份，备份策略包括全量备份、增量备份、差异备份
#!bin/bash #全量备份 tar -cf /bak/web.bak`date +%y%m%d` /web mysqldump -uab -phello -A > mariadb.dump #!bin/bash #增量备份 read -p "请输入这是第几次备份" level dupm -l $(( $levle-1 )) -f /bak/web`date +%y%m%d` /web mysqldump -uab -phello -A > mariadb.dump #!bin/bash #差异备份 read -p "0：第一次备份；1：非第一次备份" level dupm -l $level -f /bak/web`date +%y%m%d` /web mysqldump -uab -phello -A > mariadb.dump
3、使用压测工具（ab/webbench等）实现搭建的页面压测，要求通过调整apache的工作模式来对比最后性能。
[root@mini ~]# ab -c 1000 -n 100000 http://10.9.9.7/index.html prefork: Concurrency Level: 1000 Time taken for tests: 45.518 seconds Complete requests: 100000 Failed requests: 80 (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 80, Exceptions: 0) Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 99985 Total transferred: 38694195 bytes HTML transferred: 20796880 bytes Requests per second: 2196.94 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 455.178 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.455 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 830.16 [Kbytes/sec] received worker: Concurrency Level: 1000 Time taken for tests: 37.335 seconds Complete requests: 100000 Failed requests: 118 (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 118, Exceptions: 0) Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 99998 Total transferred: 38699226 bytes HTML transferred: 20799584 bytes Requests per second: 2678.45 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 373.350 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.373 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1012.24 [Kbytes/sec] received event: Concurrency Level: 1000 Time taken for tests: 21.753 seconds Complete requests: 100000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 100000 Total transferred: 38700000 bytes HTML transferred: 20800000 bytes Requests per second: 4597.15 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 217.526 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.218 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1737.40 [Kbytes/sec] received prefork<worker<event
4、基于3步骤过程中的压测，通过脚本实现iptables自动判断来源ip，并作拒绝制定ip访问，要求访问次数1秒超过10次的拒绝掉。
5、基于2中的环境，通过lvs实现负载均衡，要求使用DR模式，并能把其中的原理部分通过自己的理解汇总出来。
[root@ee-o ~]# ip addr add 10.9.9.8/32 dev eno16777736 ##配置vip [root@ee-o ~]# ip route add 10.9.9.8 dev eno16777736 [root@ee-o ~]# echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward [root@ee-o ~]# ipvsadm -C [root@ee-o ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 10.9.9.9:80 -p 5 -s rr [root@ee-o ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 10.9.9.9:80 -r 10.9.9.1:80 -g [root@ee-o ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 10.9.9.9:80 -r 10.9.9.2:80 -g RS1：10.9.9.1 [root@ee-o ~]# ip addr 10.9.9.8/32 dev lo [root@ee-o ~]# ip route add 10.9.9.8 dev lo [root@ee-o ~]# echo 1>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore [root@ee-o ~]# echo 1>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore [root@ee-o ~]# echo 2>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce [root@ee-o ~]# echo 2>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce RS1：10.9.9.2 [root@ee-o ~]# ip addr 10.9.9.8/32 dev lo [root@ee-o ~]# ip route add 10.9.9.8 dev lo [root@ee-o ~]# echo 1>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore [root@ee-o ~]# echo 1>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore [root@ee-o ~]# echo 2>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce [root@ee-o ~]# echo 2>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
LVS-DR原理：
利用LAN内主机基于ARP协议通信的原理，当客户端的数据包到达virtual server后修改其二层封装地址为real server，再将数据包转发至ARP表对应的主机，最后real server处理请求直接发回客户端；
linux运维实战练习-2016年3月4日-3月19日课程作业
原文地址：http://fengzh09.blog.51cto.com/9992951/1754630
