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JS中的constructor

时间:2016-04-13 18:46:55      阅读:184      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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//    constructor属性始终指向创建当前对象的构造函数。比如下面例子:比如下面例子:

        //var foo = new Array(1, 56, 34, 12);
        var arr = [1, 56, 34, 12];
        console.log(arr.constructor === Array); // true
       
        //var foo = new Function();
        var Foo = function() {};
        console.log(Foo.constructor === Function); // true
       
        //由构造函数实例化一个obj对象
        var Foox = new Foo();
        console.log(Foox.constructor === Foo); // true
       
        //将上面两段代码合起来,就得到下面的结论
        console.log(Foox.constructor.constructor === Function); // true

//但是当constructor遇到prototype时,有趣的事情就发生了。 我们知道每个函数都有一个默认的属性prototype,而这个prototype的constructor默认指向这个函数。如下例所示:

    function Person(name) {
          this.name = name;
    };
    Person.prototype.getName = function() {
          return this.name;
    };
       
    var p = new Person("ZhangSan");

    console.log(p.constructor === Person); // true
    console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true
       
    // 将上两行代码合并就得到如下结果
    console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // true
       
       

//当时当我们重新定义函数的prototype时(注意:和上例的区别,这里不是修改而是覆盖),constructor属性的行为就有点奇怪了,如下示例:

        function Person(name) {
            this.name = name;
        };
        Person.prototype = {
            getName: function() {
                return this.name;
            }
        };
        var p = new Person("ZhangSan");
        console.log(p.constructor === Person); // false
        console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // false
        console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // false
   

        //为什么呢? 原来是因为覆盖Person.prototype时,等价于进行如下代码操作:
        Person.prototype = new Object({
            getName: function() {
                return this.name;
            }
        });

//而constructor属性始终指向创建自身的构造函数,所以此时Person.prototype.constructor === Object,即是:

        function Person(name) {
            this.name = name;
        };
        Person.prototype = {
            getName: function() {
                return this.name;
            }
        };
        var p = new Person("ZhangSan");
        console.log(p.constructor === Object); // true
        console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Object); // true
        console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Object); // true
        //此处的Object即为下面的Object
        //Person.prototype = new Object({
        //    getName: function() {
        //        return this.name;
        //    }
        //});

//怎么修正这种问题呢?方法也很简单,重新覆盖Person.prototype.constructor即可:

        function Person(name) {
            console.log(this);    //Person(ZhangSan)
            this.name = name;
        };
        Person.prototype = new Object({
            getName: function() {
                return this.name;
            }
        });
       
        Person.prototype.constructor = Person;
        var p = new Person("ZhangSan");

        console.log(p.constructor === Person); // true
        console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true
        console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // true

//    顺带说说继承,以上的称为原型继承,下面的继承只能继承私有属性
//    function Father(name){..this..}
//    Father()之中的this在编译阶段不会赋值,最后会指向new Father()对象


        function Father(name){
            this.name = "LiuYashion";
            this.age  = 23;
        };
        Father.prototype.getName = function(){
            console.log(this)        //    这里的this指向的是new Father(),即temp2
            console.log(this.name);
        };
   
        function Son(){
           
            //Father.call(this,["name","age"]);
            Father.apply(this,["name","age"]);
           
            //call跟apply的区别只在于后面参数的传法,不赘述
        };

        var temp1 = new Son();
        console.log(temp1.name+" "+temp1.age);   //LiuYashion 23
   
        var temp2 = new Father();
        temp2.getName();   //LiuYashion

JS中的constructor

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/nemoro1928/p/5388013.html

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