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Java NIO(New IO)是一个可以替代标准Java IO API的IO API(从Java 1.4开始),Java NIO提供了与标准IO不同的IO工作方式。
Java NIO: Channels and Buffers(通道和缓冲区)
标准的IO基于字节流和字符流进行操作的,而NIO是基于通道(Channel)和缓冲区(Buffer)进行操作,数据总是从通道读取到缓冲区中,或者从缓冲区写入到通道中。
Java NIO: Non-blocking IO(非阻塞IO)
Java NIO可以让你非阻塞的使用IO,例如:当线程从通道读取数据到缓冲区时,线程还是可以进行其他事情。当数据被写入到缓冲区时,线程可以继续处理它。从缓冲区写入通道也类似。
Java NIO: Selectors(选择器)
Java NIO引入了选择器的概念,选择器用于监听多个通道的事件(比如:连接打开,数据到达)。因此,单个的线程可以监听多个数据通道。
Java NIO的通道类似流,但又有些不同:
正如上面所说,从通道读取数据到缓冲区,从缓冲区写入数据到通道。如下图所示:
Channel的实现
void close();关闭此通道。
booleanisOpen(); 判断此通道是否处于打开状态
这些是Java NIO中最重要的通道的实现:
1:FileChannel
此类没有定义打开现有文件或创建新文件的方法,以后的版本中可能添加这些方法。在此版本中,可从现有的 FileInputStream、FileOutputStream 或 RandomAccessFile 对象获得文件通道,方法是调用该对象的 getChannel 方法,这会返回一个连接到相同底层文件的文件通道。
实例:
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
public class FileChannelTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
File inPut=new File("filechannel.txt");
File outPut=new File("filechannel.txt");
if(!inPut.exists())
{
inPut.createNewFile();
}
if(!outPut.exists())
{
outPut.createNewFile();
}
FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(inPut);
FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(outPut);
FileChannel inputChannel=fis.getChannel();
FileChannel outputChannel=fos.getChannel();
String testdata="You can combine streams into chains to achieve "
+ "more advanced input and output operations. For instance, "
+ "reading every byte one at a time from a file is slow. It is faster "
+ "to read a larger block of data from the disk and then iterate through "
+ "that block byte for byte afterwards.";
ByteBuffer outbuffer=ByteBuffer.allocate(48);
for(int j=0;j<testdata.length();j+=48)
{
for (int i = j; i < j + 48&&i<testdata.length(); i++)
{
outbuffer.put(testdata.getBytes()[i]);
}
outbuffer.flip();
outputChannel.write(outbuffer);
outbuffer.clear();
}
outputChannel.close();
fos.close();
ByteBuffer inBuffer=ByteBuffer.allocate(48);
int i= inputChannel.read(inBuffer);
while(i!=-1)
{
inBuffer.flip();
while (inBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
System.out.print((char) inBuffer.get());
}
inBuffer.clear();
i=inputChannel.read(inBuffer);
}
inputChannel.close();
fis.close();
}
}
2:DatagramChannel
实例:
发送端代码:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.DatagramChannel;
public class DatagramChannelSender {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
send();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static void send() throws IOException{
DatagramChannel channel =DatagramChannel.open();
ByteBuffer buffer =ByteBuffer.wrap(" This is UPD test".getBytes("utf-8"));
channel.send(buffer, new InetSocketAddress("localhost",10022));
channel.close();
}
}
接收端代码:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.DatagramChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
public class DatagramChannelReveiver {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
receive();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static void receive() throws IOException{
DatagramChannel channel =DatagramChannel.open();
channel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(10022));
ByteBuffer buffer =ByteBuffer.allocate(60);
while(channel.receive(buffer)==null){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
buffer.flip();
String recStr =Charset.forName("utf-8").newDecoder().decode(buffer).toString();
System.out.println("Service has received data:"+recStr);
channel.close();
}
}
3:SocketChannel与ServerSocketChannel
多个并发线程可安全地使用服务器套接字通道。
实例: 来源互联网(原文点击)
package com.csu.nio;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
/**
* NIO TCP 客户端
*
* @date 2010-2-3
* @time 下午03:33:26
* @version 1.00
*/
public class TCPClient{
// 信道选择器
private Selector selector;
// 与服务器通信的信道
SocketChannel socketChannel;
// 要连接的服务器Ip地址
private String hostIp;
// 要连接的远程服务器在监听的端口
private int hostListenningPort;
/**
* 构造函数
* @param HostIp
* @param HostListenningPort
* @throws IOException
*/
public TCPClient(String HostIp,int HostListenningPort)throws IOException{
this.hostIp=HostIp;
this.hostListenningPort=HostListenningPort;
initialize();
}
/**
* 初始化
* @throws IOException
*/
private void initialize() throws IOException{
// 打开监听信道并设置为非阻塞模式
socketChannel=SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress(hostIp, hostListenningPort));
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
// 打开并注册选择器到信道
selector = Selector.open();
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
// 启动读取线程
new TCPClientReadThread(selector);
}
/**
* 发送字符串到服务器
* @param message
* @throws IOException
*/
public void sendMsg(String message) throws IOException{
ByteBuffer writeBuffer=ByteBuffer.wrap(message.getBytes("UTF-16"));
socketChannel.write(writeBuffer);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
TCPClient client=new TCPClient("localhost",1978);
client.sendMsg("发条消息!"+i++);
}
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
public class TCPClientReadThread implements Runnable{
private Selector selector;
public TCPClientReadThread(Selector selector){
this.selector=selector;
new Thread(this).start();
}
public void run() {
try {
while (selector.select() > 0) {
// 遍历每个有可用IO操作Channel对应的SelectionKey
for (SelectionKey sk : selector.selectedKeys()) {
// 如果该SelectionKey对应的Channel中有可读的数据
if (sk.isReadable()) {
// 使用NIO读取Channel中的数据
SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) sk.channel();
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
sc.read(buffer);
buffer.flip();
// 将字节转化为为UTF-16的字符串
String receivedString=Charset.forName("UTF-16").newDecoder().decode(buffer).toString();
// 控制台打印出来
System.out.println("接收到来自服务器"+sc.socket().getRemoteSocketAddress()+"的信息:"+receivedString);
// 为下一次读取作准备
sk.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
// 删除正在处理的SelectionKey
selector.selectedKeys().remove(sk);
}
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* TCPServerSelector与特定协议间通信的接口
*
* @date 2010-2-3
* @time 上午08:42:42
* @version 1.00
*/
public interface TCPProtocol{
/**
* 接收一个SocketChannel的处理
* @param key
* @throws IOException
*/
void handleAccept(SelectionKey key) throws IOException;
/**
* 从一个SocketChannel读取信息的处理
* @param key
* @throws IOException
*/
void handleRead(SelectionKey key) throws IOException;
/**
* 向一个SocketChannel写入信息的处理
* @param key
* @throws IOException
*/
void handleWrite(SelectionKey key) throws IOException;
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* TCPProtocol的实现类
*
* @date 2010-2-3
* @time 上午08:58:59
* @version 1.00
*/
public class TCPProtocolImpl implements TCPProtocol{
private int bufferSize;
public TCPProtocolImpl(int bufferSize){
this.bufferSize=bufferSize;
}
public void handleAccept(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
SocketChannel clientChannel=((ServerSocketChannel)key.channel()).accept();
clientChannel.configureBlocking(false);
clientChannel.register(key.selector(), SelectionKey.OP_READ,ByteBuffer.allocate(bufferSize));
}
public void handleRead(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
// 获得与客户端通信的信道
SocketChannel clientChannel=(SocketChannel)key.channel();
// 得到并清空缓冲区
ByteBuffer buffer=(ByteBuffer)key.attachment();
buffer.clear();
// 读取信息获得读取的字节数
long bytesRead=clientChannel.read(buffer);
if(bytesRead==-1){
// 没有读取到内容的情况
clientChannel.close();
}
else{
// 将缓冲区准备为数据传出状态
buffer.flip();
// 将字节转化为为UTF-16的字符串
String receivedString=Charset.forName("UTF-16").newDecoder().decode(buffer).toString();
// 控制台打印出来
System.out.println("接收到来自"+clientChannel.socket().getRemoteSocketAddress()+"的信息:"+receivedString);
// 准备发送的文本
String sendString="你好,客户端. @"+new Date().toString()+",已经收到你的信息"+receivedString;
buffer=ByteBuffer.wrap(sendString.getBytes("UTF-16"));
clientChannel.write(buffer);
// 设置为下一次读取或是写入做准备
key.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
}
}
public void handleWrite(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
// do nothing
}
}
package com.csu.nio;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
/**
* TCP服务器端
*
* @date 2010-2-3
* @time 上午08:39:48
* @version 1.00
*/
public class TCPServer{
// 缓冲区大小
private static final int BufferSize=1024;
// 超时时间,单位毫秒
private static final int TimeOut=3000;
// 本地监听端口
private static final int ListenPort=1978;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
// 创建选择器
Selector selector=Selector.open();
// 打开监听信道
ServerSocketChannel listenerChannel=ServerSocketChannel.open();
// 与本地端口绑定
listenerChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(ListenPort));
// 设置为非阻塞模式
listenerChannel.configureBlocking(false);
// 将选择器绑定到监听信道,只有非阻塞信道才可以注册选择器.并在注册过程中指出该信道可以进行Accept操作
listenerChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
// 创建一个处理协议的实现类,由它来具体操作
TCPProtocol protocol=new TCPProtocolImpl(BufferSize);
// 反复循环,等待IO
while(true){
// 等待某信道就绪(或超时)
if(selector.select(TimeOut)==0){
System.out.print("独自等待.");
continue;
}
// 取得迭代器.selectedKeys()中包含了每个准备好某一I/O操作的信道的SelectionKey
Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIter=selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while(keyIter.hasNext()){
SelectionKey key=keyIter.next();
try{
if(key.isAcceptable()){
// 有客户端连接请求时
protocol.handleAccept(key);
}
if(key.isReadable()){
// 从客户端读取数据
protocol.handleRead(key);
}
if(key.isValid() && key.isWritable()){
// 客户端可写时
protocol.handleWrite(key);
}
}
catch(IOException ex){
// 出现IO异常(如客户端断开连接)时移除处理过的键
keyIter.remove();
continue;
}
// 移除处理过的键
keyIter.remove();
}
}
}
}
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/liuyufeihu/article/details/51225757