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Android事件分发机制详解

时间:2016-05-02 13:10:35      阅读:297      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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我们通过一个示例来分析Touch事件的分发过程。

示例:

布局文件:

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/rootview"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.maimingliang.test.view.TestTouchActivity">



    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txt"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:layout_height="55dp"
        android:text="textView"/>


    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/img"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@mipmap/ic_launcher"/>


</LinearLayout>

Activity:

 public class TestTouchActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = "TestTouchActivity";
    @Bind(R.id.txt)
    TextView tv;
    @Bind(R.id.img)
    ImageView img;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_test_touch);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);
        initView();
    }

    private void initView() {

        tv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"-------> tv Onclick");
            }
        });

        tv.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {

                Log.d(TAG, "-------> tv onTouch");
                return false;
            }
        });


        img.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG, "--------> img onClick");
            }
        });

        img.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
                Log.d(TAG, "--------> img onTouch");

                return true;
            }
        });
    }

点击图片,现象

技术分享

可以看到onTouch事件比onClick事件优先级高。

再看看把setOnTouchListener事件的返回值改为true:

技术分享

可以看到onClick事件没有了。这是为什么?我们透过源码来看看这个现象。

事件分发机制源码分析

当我们触摸屏幕上的某个控件时,底层的设备硬件传递给InputManager经过一 定的处理后,传递给AmS,再经过AmS的处理后就传递到我们的Activity,接着传递Window,最后传递到顶级View。

触摸事件的分发过程有三个重要的方法:

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)

用来分发事件的,如果当前事件能传递到该View,该 方法一定调用,View的onTouchEvent方法会调用,而该方法的返回值所onTouchEvent影响。

public boolean onInterceptHoverEvent(MotionEvent event)

用来拦截事件的,如果返回值为true,表示拦截。否则不拦截。

public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)

处理当前事件的。如果返回值为true表示消耗该事件。否则无法再接收同一个序列的事件。

同一个序列的事件是;DOWN事件--》多个MOVE事件--》UP事件。

Activity触摸事件分发过程

当触摸事件传递到Activity,Activity的dispatchTouchEvent()方法就会调用,我们去看看:

 public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            onUserInteraction();
        }
        if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
            return true;
        }
        return onTouchEvent(ev);
    }

如果当前事件是DOWN事件,调用了onUserInteraction方法,该方法是一个空方法,我们可以重载该方法,在DOWN事件做一些处理。接着就把事件传递给Window来处理该事件。如果返回true,表示有View处理该事件,onTouch Event()方法返回了true,整个事件处理完成。否则Activity的onTouchEvent方法就会被调用。

Window触摸事件的分发过程

Window类是abstract的,唯一的具体实现类是PhoneWindow类,我们去看看PhoneWindow的superDispatchTouchEvent()方法:

 @Override
    public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
    }

    private DecorView mDecor;

DecorView类继承于FrameLayout:

  private final class DecorView extends FrameLayout implements RootViewSurfaceTaker {....}

因此就是调用了DecorView的superDispatchTouchEvent方法:

public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
            return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
        }

可以看到,其实就是调用了父类的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。DecorView继承于FrameLayout,FrameLayout继承于ViewGroup。因此就是调用了ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。

DecorView就是我们的顶层View,当我们通过setContentView()方法设置的是顶层View的一个子View。DecorView组成为:

技术分享
可以看出,事件传递的大概过程:

Activity--》Window--》View。某个View的onTouchEvent()方法被调用。如果返回true,传递会Window,Window再传递会Activity,事件处理结束。否则返回false,再同样的传递会Activity。

顶层View事件分发的过程

DecorView继承与FrameLayout,是一个ViewGroup,ViewGroup继承于View,继承图:

技术分享

ViewGroup重载了dispatchTouchEvent()方法。那我们去看看该方法:

    @Override
   public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {

        ....

        boolean handled = false;
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
            final int action = ev.getAction();
            final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;

            1.
            // Handle an initial down.
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
                // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
                // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
                // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
                cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
                resetTouchState();
            }

            2.
            // Check for interception.
            final boolean intercepted;
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                    || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
                if (!disallowIntercept) {
                    intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                    ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                } else {
                    intercepted = false;
                }
            } else {
                // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
                // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
                intercepted = true;
            }


            ....

            3.
            if (!canceled && !intercepted) {

                ....


                    final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
                    if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
                        final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                        final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);

                        ....

                        final View[] children = mChildren;
                        for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            final int childIndex = customOrder
                                    ? getChildDrawingOrder(childrenCount, i) : i;
                            final View child = (preorderedList == null)
                                    ? children[childIndex] : preorderedList.get(childIndex);

                            ....

                            if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
                                    || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
                                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                                continue;
                            }



                            ....


                            if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                if (preorderedList != null) {
                                    // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                    for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                        if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                            mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                                }
                                mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                                mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();

                                newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                                alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                                break;
                            }

                           ....

                        }
                    }

                    ....

                }
            }

            ....



        return handled;
    }

这个方法很长我们分几部分来分析。代码中标有1.2.3…..。

1.ViewGroup对DOWN事件重置状态的操作。

  private void resetTouchState() {
        clearTouchTargets();
        resetCancelNextUpFlag(this);
        mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT;
        mNestedScrollAxes = SCROLL_AXIS_NONE;
    }

标志FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT可以通过requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent方法设置。因此在DOWN事件该方法不影响该标志,简单来说,就是不影响ViewGroup处理DOWN事件的操作。

2.判断是否拦截事件。

首先判断是否DOWN事件或者mFirstTouchTarget != null。

mFirstTouchTarget的意思是,如果ViewGroup的有子元素成功处理,mFirstTouchTarget就会指向该元素。

如果当前事件是DOWN:FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT不影响ViewGroup对DOWN事件的处理,因此调用了onInterceptTouchEvent()方法。是否拦截取决于该方法的返回值。

如果onInterceptTouchEvent()返回true,说明ViewGroup拦截事件,mFirstTouchTarget为null,同一序列的事件都由它处理,onInterceptTouchEvent也不会再调用了,因为actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN|| mFirstTouchTarget != null条件都不满足。如果子 View调用了requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent()方法后,ViewGroup将无法拦截除DOWN事件以外的其他事件。该方法不影响ViewGroup的DOWN事件。

3.如果ViewGroup不拦截,ViewGroup遍历所有的子View,判断子View是否满足当前的事件。满足的条件有两个:子View是否播放动画和事件的坐标是否在子View的区域。

如果满足条件,调用了dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()方法。去看看:

  private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
            View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
        final boolean handled;

        // Canceling motions is a special case.  We don‘t need to perform any transformations
        // or filtering.  The important part is the action, not the contents.
        final int oldAction = event.getAction();
        if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
            event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
            if (child == null) {
                handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            } else {
                handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            }
            event.setAction(oldAction);
            return handled;
        }

    ....

}

其实就是调用了子View的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。如果返回了true,就会通过addTouchTarget()方法对mFirstTouchTarget赋值并停止遍历子View。

  private TouchTarget addTouchTarget(View child, int pointerIdBits) {
        TouchTarget target = TouchTarget.obtain(child, pointerIdBits);
        target.next = mFirstTouchTarget;
        mFirstTouchTarget = target;
        return target;
    }

可以看到,mFirstTouchTarget是一个单链表的数据结构。

如果遍历全部的子View都没有成功处理的,mFirstTouchTarget成员变量为null,当该成员变量为null,就会调用:

 if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
                // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
                handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                        TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
            } 

因为第三个参数为null,就会调用super.dispatchTouchEvent()方法,调用到了View的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。

View的事件分发过程

dispatchTouchEvent方法如下:

/**
     * Pass the touch screen motion event down to the target view, or this
     * view if it is the target.
     *
     * @param event The motion event to be dispatched.
     * @return True if the event was handled by the view, false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        ....

        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
            //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
                    && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                    && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
                result = true;
            }

            if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
                result = true;
            }
        }

    ....

        return result;
    }

从上面的代码可以看出,判断了是否设置了setOnTouchListener,是否为ENABLED,onTouch是否返回了true。

ENABLED对这个判断没有影响。
但onTouch返回true,onTouchEvent方法就不会执行了。而onClick的方法是在onTouchEvent()方法执行的。因此onTouch事件的优先级比onClick事件高,而且还当onTouch方法返回了true,onClick事件就不会调用了。说明了上面的示例的现象。

我们去看看onClick事件是否在onTouch Event方法中执行的。

    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        final float x = event.getX();
        final float y = event.getY();
        final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
        final int action = event.getAction();

        if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
            if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
                setPressed(false);
            }
            // A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch
            // events, it just doesn‘t respond to them.
            return (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE
                    || (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)
                    || (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE);
        }

        if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
            if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        if (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||
                (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE) ||
                (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) {
            switch (action) {
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                    boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
                    if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
                        // take focus if we don‘t have it already and we should in
                        // touch mode.
                        boolean focusTaken = false;
                        if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) {
                            focusTaken = requestFocus();
                        }

                        if (prepressed) {
                            // The button is being released before we actually
                            // showed it as pressed.  Make it show the pressed
                            // state now (before scheduling the click) to ensure
                            // the user sees it.
                            setPressed(true, x, y);
                       }

                        if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) {
                            // This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
                            removeLongPressCallback();

                            // Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state
                            if (!focusTaken) {
                                // Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling
                                // performClick directly. This lets other visual state
                                // of the view update before click actions start.
                                if (mPerformClick == null) {
                                    mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
                                }
                                if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
                                    performClick();
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if (mUnsetPressedState == null) {
                            mUnsetPressedState = new UnsetPressedState();
                        }

                        if (prepressed) {
                            postDelayed(mUnsetPressedState,
                                    ViewConfiguration.getPressedStateDuration());
                        } else if (!post(mUnsetPressedState)) {
                            // If the post failed, unpress right now
                            mUnsetPressedState.run();
                        }

                        removeTapCallback();
                    }
                    mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
                    break;

      .....
      .....
            }

            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

从上述代码看到,判断了viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE || (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE判断是否可点击或者长点击。只要有一个为true,就会返回true,表示消耗此事件。
CLICKABLE和LONG_CLICKABLE的值可以在清单文件中通过android:clickable和 android:longClickable属性设置,也可以通过setOnclickListener()和setLongClickListener()方法设置。

当设置了点击事件调用了performClick()方法:

   public boolean performClick() {
        final boolean result;
        final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
        if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {
            playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);
            li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);
            result = true;
        } else {
            result = false;
        }

        sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);
        return result;
    }

可以看到回调了我们设置的onClick方法。由此看出onClick事件是在onTouch Event方法执行的。

这就是事件分发的大概流程。

我们根据上面的示例走一下整个触摸事件的分发流程。

我们从顶View开始分析:

整个View树的结构如下:

技术分享

上面的示例,我们点击了图片。

首先由顶层View(FrameLayout)的dispatchTouch()方法根据点击图片等坐标首先分发到第一个LinearLayout的,然后调用了ViewGroup的dispatchTouch()方法,又根据点击图片等坐标,把事件分发给图片来处理这个事件。

END

Android事件分发机制详解

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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/u012827296/article/details/51208792

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