标签:
Android提供了两个API用于实现录音功能:android.media.AudioRecord、android.media.MediaRecorder。网上有很多谈论这两个类的资料。现在大致总结下:
1、AudioRecord
主要是实现边录边播(AudioRecord+AudioTrack)以及对音频的实时处理(如会说话的汤姆猫、语音)
优点:语音的实时处理,可以用代码实现各种音频的封装
缺点:输出是PCM语音数据,如果保存成音频文件,是不能够被播放器播放的,所以必须先写代码实现数据编码以及压缩
示例:
使用AudioRecord类录音,并实现WAV格式封装。录音20s,输出的音频文件大概为3.5M左右(已写测试代码)
2、MediaRecorder
已经集成了录音、编码、压缩等,支持少量的录音音频格式,大概有.aac(API = 16) .amr .3gp
优点:大部分以及集成,直接调用相关接口即可,代码量小
缺点:无法实时处理音频;输出的音频格式不是很多,例如没有输出mp3格式文件
示例:
使用MediaRecorder类录音,输出amr格式文件。录音20s,输出的音频文件大概为33K(已写测试代码)
3、音频格式比较
WAV格式:录音质量高,但是压缩率小,文件大
AAC格式:相对于mp3,AAC格式的音质更佳,文件更小;有损压缩;一般苹果或者Android SDK4.1.2(API 16)及以上版本支持播放
AMR格式:压缩比比较大,但相对其他的压缩格式质量比较差,多用于人声,通话录音
至于常用的mp3格式,使用MediaRecorder没有该视频格式输出。一些人的做法是使用AudioRecord录音,然后编码成wav格式,再转换成mp3格式
再贴上一些测试工程。
功能描述:
1、点击“录音WAV文件”,开始录音。录音完成后,生成文件/sdcard/FinalAudio.wav
2、点击“录音AMR文件”,开始录音。录音完成后,生成文件/sdcard/FinalAudio.amr
3、点击“停止录音”,停止录音,并显示录音输出文件以及该文件大小。
大致代码如下:
1、AudioRecord录音,封装成WAV格式
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package
com.example.audiorecordtest; import
java.io.File; import
java.io.FileInputStream; import
java.io.FileNotFoundException; import
java.io.FileOutputStream; import
java.io.IOException; import
android.media.AudioFormat; import
android.media.AudioRecord; public
class AudioRecordFunc { // 缓冲区字节大小 private int
bufferSizeInBytes = 0 ; //AudioName裸音频数据文件 ,麦克风 private String AudioName =
"" ; //NewAudioName可播放的音频文件 private String NewAudioName =
"" ; private AudioRecord audioRecord;
private boolean
isRecord = false ; // 设置正在录制的状态 private static
AudioRecordFunc mInstance; private AudioRecordFunc(){ } public synchronized
static AudioRecordFunc getInstance() { if (mInstance == null )
mInstance = new
AudioRecordFunc(); return mInstance;
} public int
startRecordAndFile() { //判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard if (AudioFileFunc.isSdcardExit()) { if (isRecord) { return ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING; } else { if (audioRecord == null ) creatAudioRecord(); audioRecord.startRecording(); // 让录制状态为true isRecord = true ;
// 开启音频文件写入线程 new Thread( new
AudioRecordThread()).start(); return ErrorCode.SUCCESS; } } else { return ErrorCode.E_NOSDCARD;
} } public void
stopRecordAndFile() { close(); } public long
getRecordFileSize(){ return AudioFileFunc.getFileSize(NewAudioName); } private void
close() { if (audioRecord !=
null ) { System.out.println( "stopRecord" ); isRecord = false ; //停止文件写入 audioRecord.stop(); audioRecord.release(); //释放资源 audioRecord = null ;
} } private void
creatAudioRecord() { // 获取音频文件路径 AudioName = AudioFileFunc.getRawFilePath(); NewAudioName = AudioFileFunc.getWavFilePath(); // 获得缓冲区字节大小 bufferSizeInBytes = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT); // 创建AudioRecord对象 audioRecord = new
AudioRecord(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_INPUT, AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, bufferSizeInBytes); } class AudioRecordThread
implements Runnable {
@Override public void
run() { writeDateTOFile(); //往文件中写入裸数据 copyWaveFile(AudioName, NewAudioName); //给裸数据加上头文件 } } /** * 这里将数据写入文件,但是并不能播放,因为AudioRecord获得的音频是原始的裸音频, * 如果需要播放就必须加入一些格式或者编码的头信息。但是这样的好处就是你可以对音频的 裸数据进行处理,比如你要做一个爱说话的TOM * 猫在这里就进行音频的处理,然后重新封装 所以说这样得到的音频比较容易做一些音频的处理。 */ private void
writeDateTOFile() { // new一个byte数组用来存一些字节数据,大小为缓冲区大小 byte [] audiodata = new
byte [bufferSizeInBytes]; FileOutputStream fos = null ;
int readsize =
0 ; try {
File file = new
File(AudioName); if (file.exists()) {
file.delete(); } fos = new
FileOutputStream(file); // 建立一个可存取字节的文件 } catch
(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } while (isRecord ==
true ) { readsize = audioRecord.read(audiodata, 0 , bufferSizeInBytes); if (AudioRecord.ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION != readsize && fos!= null )
{ try {
fos.write(audiodata); } catch
(IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } try { if (fos != null ) fos.close(); // 关闭写入流 } catch
(IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 这里得到可播放的音频文件 private void
copyWaveFile(String inFilename, String outFilename) { FileInputStream in = null ;
FileOutputStream out = null ;
long totalAudioLen =
0 ; long totalDataLen = totalAudioLen +
36 ; long longSampleRate = AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE;
int channels =
2 ; long byteRate =
16 * AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE * channels /
8 ; byte [] data = new
byte [bufferSizeInBytes]; try {
in = new
FileInputStream(inFilename); out = new
FileOutputStream(outFilename); totalAudioLen = in.getChannel().size(); totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36 ;
WriteWaveFileHeader(out, totalAudioLen, totalDataLen, longSampleRate, channels, byteRate); while (in.read(data) != - 1 ) { out.write(data); } in.close(); out.close(); } catch
(FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch
(IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 这里提供一个头信息。插入这些信息就可以得到可以播放的文件。 * 为我为啥插入这44个字节,这个还真没深入研究,不过你随便打开一个wav * 音频的文件,可以发现前面的头文件可以说基本一样哦。每种格式的文件都有 * 自己特有的头文件。 */ private void
WriteWaveFileHeader(FileOutputStream out, long
totalAudioLen, long totalDataLen,
long longSampleRate,
int channels,
long byteRate)
throws IOException {
byte [] header = new
byte [ 44 ]; header[ 0 ] = ‘R‘ ;
// RIFF/WAVE header header[ 1 ] = ‘I‘ ;
header[ 2 ] = ‘F‘ ;
header[ 3 ] = ‘F‘ ;
header[ 4 ] = ( byte )
(totalDataLen & 0xff ); header[ 5 ] = ( byte )
((totalDataLen >> 8 ) & 0xff );
header[ 6 ] = ( byte )
((totalDataLen >> 16 ) & 0xff );
header[ 7 ] = ( byte )
((totalDataLen >> 24 ) & 0xff );
header[ 8 ] = ‘W‘ ;
header[ 9 ] = ‘A‘ ;
header[ 10 ] = ‘V‘ ;
header[ 11 ] = ‘E‘ ;
header[ 12 ] = ‘f‘ ;
// ‘fmt ‘ chunk header[ 13 ] = ‘m‘ ;
header[ 14 ] = ‘t‘ ;
header[ 15 ] = ‘ ‘ ;
header[ 16 ] = 16 ;
// 4 bytes: size of ‘fmt ‘ chunk header[ 17 ] = 0 ;
header[ 18 ] = 0 ;
header[ 19 ] = 0 ;
header[ 20 ] = 1 ;
// format = 1 header[ 21 ] = 0 ;
header[ 22 ] = ( byte )
channels; header[ 23 ] = 0 ;
header[ 24 ] = ( byte )
(longSampleRate & 0xff ); header[ 25 ] = ( byte )
((longSampleRate >> 8 ) & 0xff );
header[ 26 ] = ( byte )
((longSampleRate >> 16 ) & 0xff );
header[ 27 ] = ( byte )
((longSampleRate >> 24 ) & 0xff );
header[ 28 ] = ( byte )
(byteRate & 0xff ); header[ 29 ] = ( byte )
((byteRate >> 8 ) & 0xff );
header[ 30 ] = ( byte )
((byteRate >> 16 ) & 0xff );
header[ 31 ] = ( byte )
((byteRate >> 24 ) & 0xff );
header[ 32 ] = ( byte )
( 2 * 16 /
8 ); // block align
header[ 33 ] = 0 ;
header[ 34 ] = 16 ;
// bits per sample header[ 35 ] = 0 ;
header[ 36 ] = ‘d‘ ;
header[ 37 ] = ‘a‘ ;
header[ 38 ] = ‘t‘ ;
header[ 39 ] = ‘a‘ ;
header[ 40 ] = ( byte )
(totalAudioLen & 0xff ); header[ 41 ] = ( byte )
((totalAudioLen >> 8 ) & 0xff );
header[ 42 ] = ( byte )
((totalAudioLen >> 16 ) & 0xff );
header[ 43 ] = ( byte )
((totalAudioLen >> 24 ) & 0xff );
out.write(header, 0 ,
44 ); } } |
2、MediaRecorder录音,输出amr格式音频
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package
com.example.audiorecordtest; import
java.io.File; import
java.io.IOException; import
android.media.MediaRecorder; public
class MediaRecordFunc { private boolean
isRecord = false ; private MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder; private MediaRecordFunc(){ } private static
MediaRecordFunc mInstance; public synchronized
static MediaRecordFunc getInstance(){ if (mInstance == null ) mInstance = new
MediaRecordFunc(); return mInstance; } public int
startRecordAndFile(){ //判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard if (AudioFileFunc.isSdcardExit()) { if (isRecord) { return ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING; } else { if (mMediaRecorder == null ) createMediaRecord(); try { mMediaRecorder.prepare(); mMediaRecorder.start(); // 让录制状态为true isRecord = true ; return ErrorCode.SUCCESS; } catch (IOException ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); return ErrorCode.E_UNKOWN; } } } else { return ErrorCode.E_NOSDCARD;
} } public void
stopRecordAndFile(){ close(); } public long
getRecordFileSize(){ return AudioFileFunc.getFileSize(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath()); } private void
createMediaRecord(){ /* ①Initial:实例化MediaRecorder对象 */ mMediaRecorder = new
MediaRecorder(); /* setAudioSource/setVedioSource*/ mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_INPUT); //设置麦克风 /* 设置输出文件的格式:THREE_GPP/MPEG-4/RAW_AMR/Default * THREE_GPP(3gp格式,H263视频/ARM音频编码)、MPEG-4、RAW_AMR(只支持音频且音频编码要求为AMR_NB) */ mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.DEFAULT); /* 设置音频文件的编码:AAC/AMR_NB/AMR_MB/Default */ mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.DEFAULT); /* 设置输出文件的路径 */ File file = new
File(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath()); if (file.exists()) {
file.delete(); } mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath()); } private void
close(){ if (mMediaRecorder !=
null ) { System.out.println( "stopRecord" ); isRecord = false ; mMediaRecorder.stop(); mMediaRecorder.release(); mMediaRecorder = null ; } } } |
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3、其他文件
AudioFileFunc.java
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package
com.example.audiorecordtest; import
java.io.File; import
android.media.MediaRecorder; import
android.os.Environment; public
class AudioFileFunc { //音频输入-麦克风 public final
static int
AUDIO_INPUT = MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC; //采用频率 //44100是目前的标准,但是某些设备仍然支持22050,16000,11025 public final
static int
AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE = 44100 ; //44.1KHz,普遍使用的频率
//录音输出文件 private final
static String AUDIO_RAW_FILENAME =
"RawAudio.raw" ; private final
static String AUDIO_WAV_FILENAME =
"FinalAudio.wav" ; public final
static String AUDIO_AMR_FILENAME =
"FinalAudio.amr" ; /** * 判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard * @return true | false */ public static
boolean isSdcardExit(){
if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) return true ; else return false ; } /** * 获取麦克风输入的原始音频流文件路径 * @return */ public static
String getRawFilePath(){ String mAudioRawPath = "" ; if (isSdcardExit()){ String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath(); mAudioRawPath = fileBasePath+ "/" +AUDIO_RAW_FILENAME; } return mAudioRawPath; } /** * 获取编码后的WAV格式音频文件路径 * @return */ public static
String getWavFilePath(){ String mAudioWavPath = "" ; if (isSdcardExit()){ String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath(); mAudioWavPath = fileBasePath+ "/" +AUDIO_WAV_FILENAME; } return mAudioWavPath; } /** * 获取编码后的AMR格式音频文件路径 * @return */ public static
String getAMRFilePath(){ String mAudioAMRPath = "" ; if (isSdcardExit()){ String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath(); mAudioAMRPath = fileBasePath+ "/" +AUDIO_AMR_FILENAME; } return mAudioAMRPath; } /** * 获取文件大小 * @param path,文件的绝对路径 * @return */ public static
long getFileSize(String path){ File mFile = new
File(path); if (!mFile.exists()) return - 1 ; return mFile.length(); } } |
4、其他文件
ErrorCode.java
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package
com.example.audiorecordtest; import
android.content.Context; import
android.content.res.Resources.NotFoundException; public
class ErrorCode { public final
static int
SUCCESS = 1000 ; public final
static int
E_NOSDCARD = 1001 ; public final
static int
E_STATE_RECODING = 1002 ; public final
static int
E_UNKOWN = 1003 ; public static
String getErrorInfo(Context vContext, int
vType) throws
NotFoundException { switch (vType) { case SUCCESS: return "success" ; case E_NOSDCARD: return vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_no_sdcard); case E_STATE_RECODING: return vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_state_record); case E_UNKOWN: default : return vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_unknown); } } } |
5、string.xml
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<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> < resources > < string name="app_name">AudioRecordTest</ string > < string name="hello_world">测试AudioRecord,实现录音功能</ string > < string name="menu_settings">Settings</ string > < string name="view_record_wav">录音WAV文件</ string > < string name="view_record_amr">录音AMR文件</ string > < string name="view_stop">停止录音</ string > < string name="error_no_sdcard">没有SD卡,无法存储录音数据</ string > < string name="error_state_record">正在录音中,请先停止录音</ string > < string name="error_unknown">无法识别的错误</ string > </ resources > |
6、主程序MainActivity
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package com.example.audiorecordtest; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.util.Log; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private final static int FLAG_WAV = 0; private final static int FLAG_AMR = 1; private int mState = -1; //-1:没再录制,0:录制wav,1:录制amr private Button btn_record_wav; private Button btn_record_amr; private Button btn_stop; private TextView txt; private UIHandler uiHandler; private UIThread uiThread; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); findViewByIds(); setListeners(); init(); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu); return true; } private void findViewByIds(){ btn_record_wav = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_record_wav); btn_record_amr = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_record_amr); btn_stop = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_stop); txt = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.text); } private void setListeners(){ btn_record_wav.setOnClickListener(btn_record_wav_clickListener); btn_record_amr.setOnClickListener(btn_record_amr_clickListener); btn_stop.setOnClickListener(btn_stop_clickListener); } private void init(){ uiHandler = new UIHandler(); } private Button.OnClickListener btn_record_wav_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v){ record(FLAG_WAV); } }; private Button.OnClickListener btn_record_amr_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v){ record(FLAG_AMR); } }; private Button.OnClickListener btn_stop_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v){ stop(); } }; /** * 开始录音 * @param mFlag,0:录制wav格式,1:录音amr格式 */ private void record(int mFlag){ if(mState != -1){ Message msg = new Message(); Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据 b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDFAIL); b.putInt("msg", ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING); msg.setData(b); uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI return; } int mResult = -1; switch(mFlag){ case FLAG_WAV: AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance(); mResult = mRecord_1.startRecordAndFile(); break; case FLAG_AMR: MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance(); mResult = mRecord_2.startRecordAndFile(); break; } if(mResult == ErrorCode.SUCCESS){ uiThread = new UIThread(); new Thread(uiThread).start(); mState = mFlag; }else{ Message msg = new Message(); Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据 b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDFAIL); b.putInt("msg", mResult); msg.setData(b); uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI } } /** * 停止录音 */ private void stop(){ if(mState != -1){ switch(mState){ case FLAG_WAV: AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance(); mRecord_1.stopRecordAndFile(); break; case FLAG_AMR: MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance(); mRecord_2.stopRecordAndFile(); break; } if(uiThread != null){ uiThread.stopThread(); } if(uiHandler != null) uiHandler.removeCallbacks(uiThread); Message msg = new Message(); Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据 b.putInt("cmd",CMD_STOP); b.putInt("msg", mState); msg.setData(b); uiHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg,1000); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI mState = -1; } } private final static int CMD_RECORDING_TIME = 2000; private final static int CMD_RECORDFAIL = 2001; private final static int CMD_STOP = 2002; class UIHandler extends Handler{ public UIHandler() { } @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Log.d("MyHandler", "handleMessage......"); super.handleMessage(msg); Bundle b = msg.getData(); int vCmd = b.getInt("cmd"); switch(vCmd) { case CMD_RECORDING_TIME: int vTime = b.getInt("msg"); MainActivity.this.txt.setText("正在录音中,已录制:"+vTime+" s"); break; case CMD_RECORDFAIL: int vErrorCode = b.getInt("msg"); String vMsg = ErrorCode.getErrorInfo(MainActivity.this, vErrorCode); MainActivity.this.txt.setText("录音失败:"+vMsg); break; case CMD_STOP: int vFileType = b.getInt("msg"); switch(vFileType){ case FLAG_WAV: AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance(); long mSize = mRecord_1.getRecordFileSize(); MainActivity.this.txt.setText("录音已停止.录音文件:"+AudioFileFunc.getWavFilePath()+"\n文件大小:"+mSize); break; case FLAG_AMR: MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance(); mSize = mRecord_2.getRecordFileSize(); MainActivity.this.txt.setText("录音已停止.录音文件:"+AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath()+"\n文件大小:"+mSize); break; } break; default: break; } } }; class UIThread implements Runnable { int mTimeMill = 0; boolean vRun = true; public void stopThread(){ vRun = false; } public void run() { while(vRun){ try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } mTimeMill ++; Log.d("thread", "mThread........"+mTimeMill); Message msg = new Message(); Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据 b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDING_TIME); b.putInt("msg", mTimeMill); msg.setData(b); MainActivity.this.uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI } } } } |
Android录音--AudioRecord、MediaRecorder
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/it_51888_liang/article/details/51367693