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(一)volatile
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XBYTE[2]=0x55;XBYTE[2]=0x56;XBYTE[2]=0x57;XBYTE[2]=0x58; |
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int square(volatile int *ptr){ return ((*ptr) * (*ptr));} |
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int square(volatile int* &ptr)//这里参数应该申明为引用,不然函数体里只会使用副本,外部没法更改{ int a,b; a = *ptr; b = *ptr; return a*b;} |
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long square(volatile int*ptr){ int a; a = *ptr; return a*a;} |
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#include <iostream>#include <typeinfo>using namespace std;int main(void){ // sample 1 cout << typeid(1.1f).name() << endl; // sample 2 class Base1 {}; class Derive1:public Base1 {}; Derive1 d1; Base1& b1 = d1; cout << typeid(b1).name() << endl; // 输出"class Base1",因为Derive1和Base1之间没有多态性 // sample 3, 编译时需要加参数 /GR class Base2 { virtual void fun( void ) {} }; class Derive2:public Base2 { }; Derive2 d2; Base2& b2 = d2; cout << typeid(b2).name() << endl; // 输出"class Derive2",因为Derive1和Base1之间有了多态性 // sample 4 class Derive22:public Base2 { }; // 指针强制转化失败后可以比较指针是否为零,而引用却没办法,所以引用制转化失败后抛出异常 Derive2* pb1 = dynamic_cast<Derive2*>(&b2); cout << boolalpha << (0!=pb1) << endl; // 输出"true",因为b2本身确实是指向Derive2 Derive22* pb2 = dynamic_cast<Derive22*>(&b2); cout << boolalpha << (0!=pb2) << endl; // 输出"false",因为b2本身不是指向Derive2 try { Derive2& rb1 = dynamic_cast<Derive2&>(b2); cout << "true" << endl; }catch( bad_cast ) { cout << "false" << endl; } try{ Derive22& rb2 = dynamic_cast<Derive22&>(b2); cout << "true" << endl; } catch( ... ) // 应该是 bad_cast,但不知道为什么在VC++6.0中却不行?因为VC++6.0默认状态是禁用 RTTI 的,启用方式:project->setting->c/c++->category->c++ Language 下面第二个复选框选中。 { cout << "false" << endl; } return 0;} |
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class Test1{public: Test1(int n) { num=n; }//普通构造函数private: int num;};class Test2{public: explicit Test2(int n) { num=n; }//explicit(显式)构造函数private: int num;};int main(){ Test1 t1=12;//隐式调用其构造函数,成功 Test2 t2=12;//编译错误,不能隐式调用其构造函数 Test2 t2(12);//显式调用成功 return 0;} |
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/renchunlin66/article/details/51350933