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首先看一下实验环境:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/version #ip 192.168.254.130 Linux version 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 (mockbuild@c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Fri Nov 22 03:15:09 UTC 2013 [root@wulaoer ~]# cat /proc/version #ip 192.168.254.131 Linux version 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 (mockbuild@c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Fri Nov 22 03:15:09 UTC 2013 wlof@wlof-virtual-machine:~$ sudo cat /proc/version #192.168.254.129 [sudo] wlof 的密码： Linux version 4.2.0-16-generic (buildd@lcy01-07) (gcc version 5.2.1 20151003 (Ubuntu 5.2.1-21ubuntu2) ) #19-Ubuntu SMP Thu Oct 8 15:35:06 UTC 2015
两台centos和一台ubuntu，两台centos版本相同，为了区分我把每台的用户用红色进行区分。如果你的是刚刚安装的系统那就需要你安装ssh，centos直接yum -y install ssh 如果是ubuntu的话就用sudo apt-get install openssh-server很简单的，一条命令执行就可以了。
第一：密钥生成
[root@wulaoer ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory ‘/root/.ssh‘. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. #私钥文件 Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. #公钥文件 The key fingerprint is: 8e:5f:78:ca:fc:79:cc:e0:c7:18:2a:31:2f:0a:8d:40 root@wulaoer The key‘s randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | | | | | E | |. | |. S | | . o oo .o | | o . .+oooB | | . o+o+o.* | | .. o=.oo | +-----------------+ [root@wulaoer ~]# cd /root/.ssh/ #如果是ubuntu的话是家目录下的用户名下的.ssh目录下。 [root@wulaoer .ssh]# ls id_rsa id_rsa.pub
第二：可以直接在本地修改公钥文件名也可以在传送的过程修改，这个根据自己习惯。
[root@wulaoer .ssh]# ll 总用量 12 -rw-------. 1 root root 1675 5月 12 23:10 id_rsa -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 394 5月 12 23:10 id_rsa.pub -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 397 5月 12 20:13 known_hosts [root@wulaoer .ssh]# mv id_rsa.pub authorized_keys #或者 [root@wulaoer .ssh]# scp -r authorized_keys 192.168.254.130:/root/.ssh/ root@192.168.254.130‘s password: authorized_keys 100% 394 0.4KB/s 00:00
第三：测试直接登录看一下需不需要使用密码。
[root@wulaoer .ssh]# ssh 192.168.254.130
Last login: Fri May 13 00:28:12 2016 from 192.168.254.131
[root@localhost ~]#
这里需要注意下，主机名已经发送变化，说明已经登录成功。
一台机器名wulaoe和一台ubuntu同时免密码登录localhost，wulaoer已经设置好了，下面是设置ubuntu。
wlof@wlof-virtual-machine:~$ cd /home/wlof/.ssh/ #这里的wolf是我的用户名下的家目录 wlof@wlof-virtual-machine:~/.ssh$ ls known_hosts wlof@wlof-virtual-machine:~/.ssh$ ssh-keygen -t rsa #如果这里要是加sudo的话认证的用户就是root了，要看一下认证文件的路径 Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/home/wlof/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/wlof/.ssh/id_rsa. #私钥文件路径 Your public key has been saved in /home/wlof/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. #公钥文件路径 The key fingerprint is: SHA256:fE+oB2MQ4GFwWa4Misx8BsTTPRBtcztHWgkoUA/G78A wlof@wlof-virtual-machine The key‘s randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ |.o*BX++.. . | |.o.B+X o + | | .+ =.* = | |=..E o * . . | |o+ o= S o . | | o . . = o | | . . . | | . | | | +----[SHA256]-----+ wlof@wlof-virtual-machine:~/.ssh$ ls id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts
ssh验证测试
wlof@wlof-virtual-machine:~/.ssh$ scp -r id_rsa.pub root@192.168.254.130:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys #在这里要注意必须要在连接的IP前加root@，要不系统默认会用当前用户名，在这里已经要用追加的方式加进去 root@192.168.254.130‘s password: id_rsa.pub 100% 407 0.4KB/s 00:00 wlof@wlof-virtual-machine:~/.ssh$ ssh 192.168.254.130 wlof@192.168.254.130‘s password: wlof@wlof-virtual-machine:~/.ssh$ ssh root@192.168.254.130 Last login: Fri May 13 00:28:44 2016 from 192.168.254.131 [root@localhost ~]# #主机名已经切换过来，说明登录成功
一台登录多台设置
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/wulaoer/p/5486579.html
