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引言
对于系统和网络管理员来说每天监控和调试Linux系统的性能问题是一项繁重的工作。这些命令行工具可以在各种Linux系统下使用,可以用于监控和查找产生性能问题的原因。这个命令行工具列表提供了足够的工具,您可以挑选适用于您的监控场景的工具。
在许多Linux或者类Unix系统里都有lsof命令,它常用于以列表的形式显示所有打开的文件和进程。打开的文件包括磁盘文件、网络套接字、管道、设备和进程。使用这条命令的主要情形之一就是在无法挂载磁盘和显示正在使用或者打开某个文件的错误信息的时候。
常用的参数列表:[root@CentOS7 ~]# lsof -i :22 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 925 root 3u IPv4 18374 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 925 root 4u IPv6 18383 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 9452 root 3u IPv4 1169003 0t0 TCP CentOS7.2:ssh->192.168.56.1:61347 (ESTABLISHED)
[root@CentOS7 ~]# lsof -a -u root -d txt COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME systemd 1 root txt REG 0,34 1489960 56083 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd kthreadd 2 root txt unknown /proc/2/exe ksoftirqd 3 root txt unknown /proc/3/exe migration 7 root txt unknown /proc/7/exe rcu_bh 8 root txt unknown /proc/8/exe
常用热键
top - 11:20:12 up 2 days, 18:39, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.3/0.7 1[| ] KiB Mem : 500780 total, 13236 free, 249296 used, 238248 buff/cache KiB Swap: 8388604 total, 7848788 free, 539816 used. 200108 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 17166 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:09.05 kworker/0:2 19196 root 20 0 146144 2056 1420 R 0.3 0.4 0:02.25 top 23944 root 20 0 1239128 38724 8388 S 0.3 7.7 6:39.63 firefox 1 root 20 0 191492 4212 2328 S 0.0 0.8 0:27.20 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.22 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 7:11.69 ksoftirqd/0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcuob/0 10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 6:09.07 rcu_sched 11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 14:11.36 rcuos/0 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.03 watchdog/0 13 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper 14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs 15 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 perf
top - 11:22:12 up 2 days, 18:41, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 60.0/500780 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ] KiB Swap: 6.4/8388604 [||||| ]
1:Def - 11:23:40 up 2 days, 18:42, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 Tasks: 174 total, 1 running, 173 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.7 us, 0.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 98.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 500780 total, 21124 free, 249376 used, 230280 buff/cache KiB Swap: 8388604 total, 7848788 free, 539816 used. 200072 avail Mem 1 PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 920 root 20 0 644044 11096 3360 S 0.3 2.2 10:28.34 daomonit 19196 root 20 0 146144 2056 1420 R 0.3 0.4 0:03.00 top 1 root 20 0 191492 4212 2328 S 0.0 0.8 0:27.20 systemd 2 PID PPID TIME+ %CPU %MEM PR NI S VIRT RES UID COMMAND 24416 2 0:03.29 0.0 0.0 0 -20 S 0 0 0 kworker/0:2H 24365 1 0:00.04 0.0 0.3 20 0 S 238724 1380 0 gvfsd-metadata 23944 23598 6:40.25 0.0 7.7 20 0 S 1239128 38724 0 firefox 3 PID %MEM VIRT RES CODE DATA SHR nMaj nDRT %CPU COMMAND 23598 10.7 1473588 53752 16 746528 8912 26k 0 0.0 gnome-shell 23944 7.7 1239128 38724 108 582752 8388 46k 0 0.0 firefox 18581 3.2 110512 15824 392 12292 3364 23 0 0.0 dhclient 4 PID PPID UID USER RUSER TTY TIME+ %CPU %MEM S COMMAND 536 1 172 rtkit rtkit ? 0:03.06 0.0 0.1 S rtkit-daemon 1 0 0 root root ? 0:27.20 0.0 0.8 S systemd 2 0 0 root root ? 0:02.22 0.0 0.0 S kthreadd 3 2 0 root root ? 7:11.70 0.0 0.0 S ksoftirqd/0
Fields Management for window 1:Def, whose current sort field is PPID Navigate with Up/Dn, Right selects for move then <Enter> or Left commits, ‘d‘ or <Space> toggles display, ‘s‘ sets sort. Use ‘q‘ or <Esc> to end! * PID = Process Id GROUP = Group Name TGID = Thread Group Id * USER = Effective User Name PGRP = Process Group Id ENVIRON = Environment vars* PR = Priority TTY = Controlling Tty vMj = Major Faults delta * NI = Nice Value TPGID = Tty Process Grp Id vMn = Minor Faults delta * VIRT = Virtual Image (KiB) SID = Session Id USED = Res+Swap Size (KiB) * RES = Resident Size (KiB) nTH = Number of Threads nsIPC=IPC namespace Inode * SHR = Shared Memory (KiB) P = Last Used Cpu (SMP) nsMNT = MNT namespace Inode * S = Process Status TIME = CPU Time nsNET = NET namespace Inode * %MEM = Memory Usage (RES) SWAP = Swapped Size (KiB) nsPID=PID namespace Inode * TIME+ = CPU Time, hundredths CODE = Code Size (KiB) nsUSER=USER namespace Inode * COMMAND = Command Name/Line DATA = Data+Stack (KiB) nsUTS= UTS namespace Inode * %CPU = CPU Usage nMaj = Major Page Faults PPID = Parent Process pid nMin = Minor Page Faults UID = Effective User Id nDRT = Dirty Pages Count RUID = Real User Id WCHAN = Sleeping in Function RUSER = Real User Name Flags = Task Flags <sched.h> SUID = Saved User Id CGROUPS = Control Groups SUSER = Saved User Name SUPGIDS = Supp Groups IDs GID = Group Id SUPGRPS = Supp Groups Names
PID to renice [default pid = 920]
PID to signal/kill [default pid = 19156]
[root@CentOS7 ~]# vmstat -m
Cache Num Total Size Pages
fuse_inode 10 10 768 10
nf_conntrack_ffff88001a2d8000 0 0 320 12
nf_conntrack_ffffffff81a25e00 180 180 320 12
kcopyd_job 0 0 3312 9
dm_uevent 0 0 2608 12
dm_rq_target_io 0 0 136 30
[root@CentOS7 ~]# vmstat 3 5
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
0 0 539680 17040 8 234828 508 252 7085 420 84 176 6 4 86 4 0
0 0 539680 17040 8 234828 0 0 0 0 29 53 0 0 100 0 0
1 0 539680 17040 8 234828 0 0 0 0 31 58 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 539680 17008 8 234828 0 0 0 0 34 67 0 0 100 0 0
1 0 539680 16668 8 234828 0 0 0 0 71 151 1 2 97 0 0
[root@CentOS7 ~]# w root
12:26:14 up 2 days, 19:45, 3 users, load average: 0.05, 0.12, 0.13
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root :0 :0 Sat23 ?xdm? 1:08m 0.65s gdm-session-worker [pam/gdm-password]
root pts/0 192.168.56.1 Sun22 4:35m 0.61s 0.00s lsof
root pts/1 192.168.56.1 11:09 6.00s 0.20s 0.01s w root
[root@CentOS7 ~]# uptime
12:30:39 up 2 days, 19:49, 3 users, load average: 0.06, 0.08, 0.12
ps工具标识进程的5种状态码:
[root@CentOS7 ~]# ps -l
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
4 S 0 19160 19156 0 80 0 - 29172 wait pts/1 00:00:00 bash
0 R 0 20465 19160 0 80 0 - 34343 - pts/1 00:00:00 ps
[root@CentOS7 ~]# ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.8 191492 4300 ? Ss May20 0:28 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:02 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 7:12 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:00 [migration/0]
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:00 [rcu_bh]
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:00 [rcuob/0]
root 10 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 6:10 [rcu_sched]
root 11 0.3 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 14:13 [rcuos/0]
root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:03 [watchdog/0]
root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [khelper]
root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May20 0:00 [kdevtmpfs]
root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [netns]
root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [perf]
[root@CentOS7 ~]# ps -lA
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
4 S 0 1 0 0 80 0 - 47873 ep_pol ? 00:00:29 systemd
1 S 0 2 0 0 80 0 - 0 kthrea ? 00:00:02 kthreadd
1 S 0 3 2 0 80 0 - 0 smpboo ? 00:07:13 ksoftirqd/0
1 S 0 7 2 0 -40 - - 0 smpboo ? 00:00:00 migration/0
1 S 0 8 2 0 80 0 - 0 rcu_gp ? 00:00:00 rcu_bh
1 S 0 9 2 0 80 0 - 0 rcu_no ? 00:00:00 rcuob/0
1 S 0 10 2 0 80 0 - 0 rcu_gp ? 00:06:12 rcu_sched
1 S 0 11 2 0 80 0 - 0 rcu_no ? 00:14:16 rcuos/0
5 S 0 12 2 0 -40 - - 0 smpboo ? 00:00:03 watchdog/0
1 S 0 13 2 0 60 -20 - 0 rescue ? 00:00:00 khelper
[root@CentOS7 ~]# ps -axjf
PPID PID PGID SID TTY TPGID STAT UID TIME COMMAND
0 2 0 0 ? -1 S 0 0:02 [kthreadd]
2 3 0 0 ? -1 S 0 7:13 \_ [ksoftirqd/0]
2 7 0 0 ? -1 S 0 0:00 \_ [migration/0]
2 8 0 0 ? -1 S 0 0:00 \_ [rcu_bh]
2 9 0 0 ? -1 S 0 0:00 \_ [rcuob/0]
2 10 0 0 ? -1 S 0 6:12 \_ [rcu_sched]
2 11 0 0 ? -1 S 0 14:16 \_ [rcuos/0]
[root@CentOS7 ~]# ps aux | egrep ‘(crypto|bash)‘
root 30 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May20 0:00 [crypto]
root 597 0.0 0.1 115240 772 ? S May20 0:14 /bin/bash /usr/sbin/ksmtuned
root 23362 0.0 0.6 116556 3272 pts/0 Ss 16:50 0:00 -bash
root 23521 0.0 0.0 52852 44 ? Ss May21 0:01 /usr/bin/ssh-agent /bin/sh -c exec -l /bin/bash -c "env GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=classic gnome-session --session gnome-classic"
root 25992 0.0 0.1 112648 956 pts/0 S+ 20:08 0:00 grep -E --color=auto (crypto|bash)
[root@CentOS7 ~]# free
[root@CentOS7 ~]# iostat
Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (CentOS7.2) 05/23/2016 _x86_64_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
5.20 0.00 3.53 3.54 0.00 87.73
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
sda 197.17 6120.99 371.74 1677443445 101873448
[root@CentOS7 ~]# iostat -p sda 2 1
Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (CentOS7.2) 05/23/2016 _x86_64_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
5.19 0.00 3.52 3.54 0.00 87.75
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
sda 196.83 6110.31 371.21 1677443609 101907192
sda1 0.01 0.02 0.01 4585 2060
sda2 43.56 438.87 217.75 120482400 59778512
sda3 152.42 5671.42 153.45 1556955824 42126620
[root@CentOS7 ~]# mpstat -P ALL
Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (CentOS7.2) 05/23/2016 _x86_64_ (1 CPU)
10:45:33 PM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %gnice %idle
10:45:33 PM all 5.19 0.00 2.70 3.54 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.76
10:45:33 PM 0 5.19 0.00 2.70 3.54 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.76
[root@CentOS7 ~]# pmap -d 23362
23362: -bash
Address Kbytes Mode Offset Device Mapping
0000000000400000 884 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00020 bash
00000000006dc000 4 r---- 00000000000dc000 000:00020 bash
00000000006dd000 36 rw--- 00000000000dd000 000:00020 bash
00000000006e6000 24 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]
000000000221d000 1576 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]
00007f7d3fc3d000 103580 r---- 0000000000000000 000:00020 locale-archive
00007f7d46164000 44 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00020 libnss_files-2.17.so
00007f7d4616f000 2044 ----- 000000000000b000 000:00020 libnss_files-2.17.so
00007f7d4636e000 4 r---- 000000000000a000 000:00020 libnss_files-2.17.so
00007f7d4636f000 4 rw--- 000000000000b000 000:00020 libnss_files-2.17.so
00007f7d46370000 24 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]
00007f7d46376000 1752 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00020 libc-2.17.so
00007f7d4652c000 2048 ----- 00000000001b6000 000:00020 libc-2.17.so
00007f7d4672c000 16 r---- 00000000001b6000 000:00020 libc-2.17.so
00007f7d46730000 8 rw--- 00000000001ba000 000:00020 libc-2.17.so
00007f7d46732000 20 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]
00007f7d46737000 12 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00020 libdl-2.17.so
00007f7d4673a000 2044 ----- 0000000000003000 000:00020 libdl-2.17.so
00007f7d46939000 4 r---- 0000000000002000 000:00020 libdl-2.17.so
00007f7d4693a000 4 rw--- 0000000000003000 000:00020 libdl-2.17.so
00007f7d4693b000 148 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00020 libtinfo.so.5.9
00007f7d46960000 2048 ----- 0000000000025000 000:00020 libtinfo.so.5.9
00007f7d46b60000 16 r---- 0000000000025000 000:00020 libtinfo.so.5.9
00007f7d46b64000 4 rw--- 0000000000029000 000:00020 libtinfo.so.5.9
00007f7d46b65000 132 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00020 ld-2.17.so
00007f7d46d6d000 12 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]
00007f7d46d7c000 4 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]
00007f7d46d7d000 28 r--s- 0000000000000000 000:00020 gconv-modules.cache
00007f7d46d84000 8 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]
00007f7d46d86000 4 r---- 0000000000021000 000:00020 ld-2.17.so
00007f7d46d87000 4 rw--- 0000000000022000 000:00020 ld-2.17.so
00007f7d46d88000 4 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]
00007fffc4354000 132 rw--- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ stack ]
00007fffc43e0000 8 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]
ffffffffff600000 4 r-x-- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ]
mapped: 116688K writeable/private: 1864K shared: 28K
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:33164 ec2-54-191-11-118:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52665 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 52 CentOS7.2:ssh 192.168.56.1:61340 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:53607 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52666 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52321 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:40108 123.59.138.92:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:55494 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:55490 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:53608 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:55495 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:54883 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 6846 /run/systemd/notify
unix 5 [ ] DGRAM 6858 /run/systemd/journal/socket
unix 22 [ ] DGRAM 6860 /dev/log
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 9469 /run/systemd/shutdownd
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 14069
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1048183
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 1046317
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -at 列出所有 tcp 端口
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:domain 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ssh 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:33164 ec2-54-191-11-118:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52665 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 52 CentOS7.2:ssh 192.168.56.1:61340 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:53607 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52666 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:37671 123.59.87.202:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52321 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:55494 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:55490 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:53608 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:55495 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:54883 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset [::]:* LISTEN
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -au
列出所有 udp 端口Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:mdns 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:53491 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:47643 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:domain 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootps 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 localhost:323 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootpc 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootpc 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:14662 0.0.0.0:*
udp6 0 0 [::]:49441 [::]:*
udp6 0 0 localhost:323 [::]:*
udp6 0 0 [::]:61519 [::]:*
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -lt
只列出所有监听 tcp 端口Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:domain 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ssh 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset [::]:* LISTEN
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -lu
只列出所有监听 udp 端口Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:mdns 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:53491 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:47643 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:domain 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootps 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 localhost:323 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootpc 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:bootpc 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:14662 0.0.0.0:*
udp6 0 0 [::]:49441 [::]:*
udp6 0 0 localhost:323 [::]:*
udp6 0 0 [::]:61519 [::]:*
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -lx
只列出所有监听 UNIX 端口Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1046533 /run/user/0/pulse/native
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 9738 /run/lvm/lvmpolld.socket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1046289 /run/user/0/keyring/pkcs11
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1046292 /run/user/0/keyring/ssh
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1044502 /run/user/0/keyring/control
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19100 @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -st
IcmpMsg:
InType3: 42
InType11: 24
OutType3: 48
Tcp:
71276 active connections openings
26415 passive connection openings
443 failed connection attempts
22567 connection resets received
13 connections established
6169222 segments received
6167435 segments send out
1531 segments retransmited
0 bad segments received.
101775 resets sent
UdpLite:
TcpExt:
4160 TCP sockets finished time wait in fast timer
159348 delayed acks sent
243 delayed acks further delayed because of locked socket
Quick ack mode was activated 64 times
119 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue.
113274 bytes directly in process context from backlog
346692 bytes directly received in process context from prequeue
642042 packet headers predicted
151 packets header predicted and directly queued to user
2108179 acknowledgments not containing data payload received
833025 predicted acknowledgments
49 congestion windows recovered without slow start after partial ack
6 retransmits in slow start
172 other TCP timeouts
TCPLossProbes: 855
TCPLossProbeRecovery: 831
48 DSACKs sent for old packets
863 DSACKs received
20455 connections reset due to unexpected data
44 connections reset due to early user close
21 connections aborted due to timeout
TCPDSACKIgnoredNoUndo: 833
TCPSpuriousRTOs: 4
IPReversePathFilter: 314
TCPRetransFail: 10
TCPRcvCoalesce: 30786
TCPChallengeACK: 7
TCPSpuriousRtxHostQueues: 29
TCPAutoCorking: 1236
TCPSynRetrans: 616
TCPOrigDataSent: 1370187
TCPHystartTrainDetect: 4
TCPHystartTrainCwnd: 82
IpExt:
InNoRoutes: 32
InMcastPkts: 1724
OutMcastPkts: 738
InBcastPkts: 43901
InOctets: 1655483718
OutOctets: 1440836672
InMcastOctets: 374261
OutMcastOctets: 119692
InBcastOctets: 3810738
InNoECTPkts: 6421160
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -su
IcmpMsg:
InType3: 42
InType11: 24
OutType3: 48
Udp:
115000 packets received
48 packets to unknown port received.
0 packet receive errors
114624 packets sent
0 receive buffer errors
0 send buffer errors
UdpLite:
IpExt:
InNoRoutes: 32
InMcastPkts: 1724
OutMcastPkts: 738
InBcastPkts: 43901
InOctets: 1655485325
OutOctets: 1440841862
InMcastOctets: 374261
OutMcastOctets: 119692
InBcastOctets: 3810738
InNoECTPkts: 6421188
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -pt
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:33164 ec2-54-191-11-118:https ESTABLISHED 23944/firefox
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52665 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED 24872/daotunnel
tcp 0 388 CentOS7.2:ssh 192.168.56.1:61340 ESTABLISHED 23358/sshd: root@pt
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:53607 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED 24872/daotunnel
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52666 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED 24872/daotunnel
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52321 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED 24872/daotunnel
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:40833 123.59.87.200:https ESTABLISHED 920/daomonit
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -c
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:33164 ec2-54-191-11-118:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.0.2.15:52665 123.59.42.81:https ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 52 CentOS7.2:ssh 192.168.56.1:61340 ESTABLISHED
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat --verbose
netstat: no support for `AF IPX‘ on this system.
netstat: no support for `AF AX25‘ on this system.
netstat: no support for `AF X25‘ on this system.
netstat: no support for `AF NETROM‘ on this system.
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
default 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
10.0.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
192.168.56.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -ap | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ssh 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 925/sshd
tcp 0 0 localhos:x11-ssh-offset 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 23358/sshd: root@pt
tcp 0 52 CentOS7.2:ssh 192.168.56.1:61340 ESTABLISHED 23358/sshd: root@pt
[root@CentOS7 ~]# netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
docker0 1500 186339 0 0 0 186275 0 0 0 BMU
eth0 1500 866623 0 0 0 747980 0 0 0 BMRU
eth1 1500 101288 0 0 0 83187 0 0 0 BMRU
lo 65536 5276771 0 0 0 5276771 0 0 0 LRU
virbr0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU
[root@CentOS7 ~]# ss -t -a
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:domain *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:ssh *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:x11-ssh-offset *:*
ESTAB 0 0 10.0.2.15:33164 54.191.11.118:https
[root@CentOS7 ~]# ss -s
Total: 555 (kernel 567)
TCP: 21 (estab 13, closed 1, orphaned 0, synrecv 0, timewait 0/0), ports 0
Transport Total IP IPv6
* 567 - -
RAW 2 0 2
UDP 14 11 3
TCP 20 17 3
INET 36 28 8
FRAG 0 0 0
[root@CentOS7 ~]# ss -l
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
nl UNCONN 0 0 rtnl:1216349100 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 rtnl:2059403794 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 rtnl:geoclue/23600 *
[root@CentOS7 ~]# ss -pl
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
nl UNCONN 0 0 rtnl:1216349100 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 rtnl:2059403794 *
[root@CentOS7 ~]# ss -u -a
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
UNCONN 0 0 *:mdns *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:53491 *:*
ESTAB 0 0 10.0.2.15:42245 120.25.108.11:ntp
UNCONN 0 0 *:47643 *:*
UNCONN 0 0 192.168.122.1:domain *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *%virbr0:bootps *:*
UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:bootpc *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:bootpc *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:14662 *:*
ESTAB 0 0 10.0.2.15:39026 202.118.1.81:ntp
[root@CentOS7 ~]# tcpdump -i eth0
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
02:58:12.453576 IP 10.0.2.15.41384 > 123.59.138.93.https: Flags [F.], seq 3046243613, ack 2957421906, win 42600, length 0
02:58:12.453863 IP 123.59.138.93.https > 10.0.2.15.41384: Flags [.], ack 1, win 65535, length 0
02:58:12.454352 IP 10.0.2.15.43009 > 112.54.207.8.domain: 15449+ PTR? 93.138.59.123.in-addr.arpa. (44)
02:58:12.484893 IP 123.59.138.93.https > 10.0.2.15.41384: Flags [P.], seq 1:54, ack 1, win 65535, length 53
02:58:12.484932 IP 10.0.2.15.41384 > 123.59.138.93.https: Flags [R], seq 3046243614, win 0, length 0
02:58:12.485000 IP 123.59.138.93.https > 10.0.2.15.41384: Flags [F.], seq 54, ack 1, win 65535, length 0
35 packets captured
162 packets received by filter
97 packets dropped by kernel
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/dongdongwq/p/5555770.html