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模块？引用某大大的话就是“模块，用一坨代码实现了某个功能的代码集合。”
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -.- coding: utf-8 -.- 3 # By Sandler 4 5 DATABASE = { 6 "engine":"mysql", 7 "host":"localhost", 8 "port":3306, 9 "user":"root", 10 "passwd":"123" 11 }
1 下载源码 2 解压源码 3 进入目录 4 编译源码 python setup.py build 5 安装源码 python setup.py install
现在一般都不需要编译了，直接安装源码就可以，但，在使用源码安装时，需要使用到gcc和python开发环境，所以，需要先执行：
1 yum install gcc 2 yum install python-devel 3 apt-get python-dev #apt-get是ubuntu系统上安装程序的命令。
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -.- coding: utf-8 -.- 3 # By Sandler 4 5 import sys 6 sys.path 7 [‘C:\\Program Files (x86)\\JetBrains\\PyCharm 5.0.4\\helpers\\pydev‘, ‘C:\\Program Files (x86)\\JetBrains\\PyCharm 5.0.4\\helpers\\pydev‘, ‘C:\\Python35\\python35.zip‘, ‘C:\\Python35\\DLLs‘, ‘C:\\Python35\\lib‘, ‘C:\\Python35‘, ‘C:\\Python35\\lib\\site-packages‘, ‘C:\\Users\\Sandler\\PycharmProjects\\PyS‘] 8 #安装的开源模块会默认安装到‘site-packages‘目录，linux下也在site-packages目录
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -.- coding: utf-8 -.- 3 # By Sandler 4 5 import sys 6 import os 7 pre_path = os.path.abspath(‘../‘) 8 sys.path.append(pre_path)
1 import module 2 #导入模块 3 from module.xx.xx import xx 4 #导入指定目录下的指定模块 5 from module.xx.xx import xx as rename 6 #导入指定目录下的指定模块并赋予别名 7 from module.xx.xx import * 8 #导入指定目录下的所有模块，这种方法可能会导致导入的模块和现有的函数重名，所以一般不用
1 # pycrypto，由于 paramiko 模块内部依赖pycrypto，所以先下载安装pycrypto 2 3 # 下载安装 pycrypto 4 wget http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/pycrypto-2.6.1.tar.gz 5 tar -xvf pycrypto-2.6.1.tar.gz 6 cd pycrypto-2.6.1 7 python setup.py build 8 python setup.py install 9 10 # 进入python环境，导入Crypto检查是否安装成功 11 12 # 下载安装 paramiko 13 wget http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/paramiko-1.10.1.tar.gz 14 tar -xvf paramiko-1.10.1.tar.gz 15 cd paramiko-1.10.1 16 python setup.py build 17 python setup.py install 18 19 # 进入python环境，导入paramiko检查是否安装成功
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -.- coding:utf-8 -.- 3 # By Sandler 4 import paramiko 5 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 6 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) 7 ssh.connect(‘192.168.11.11‘, 22, ‘jack‘, ‘111111‘) 8 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘) 9 print stdout.read() 10 ssh.close();
执行命令 - 过密钥链接服务器
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -.- coding:utf-8 -.- 3 # By Sandler 4 import paramiko 5 private_key_path = ‘/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa‘ 6 key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(private_key_path) 7 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 8 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) 9 ssh.connect(‘主机名 ‘, 端口, ‘用户名‘, key) 10 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘) 11 print stdout.read() 12 ssh.close()
上传或者下载文件 - 通过用户名和密码
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -.- coding:utf-8 -.- 3 # By Sandler 4 #上传文件 5 import os,sys 6 import paramiko 7 t = paramiko.Transport((‘192.168.11.11‘,22)) 8 t.connect(username=‘jack‘,password=‘111111‘) 9 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) 10 sftp.put(‘/tmp/test.py‘,‘/tmp/test1.py‘) 11 t.close() 12 #下载文件 13 import os,sys 14 import paramiko 15 t = paramiko.Transport((‘192.168.11.11‘,22)) 16 t.connect(username=‘jack‘,password=‘111111‘) 17 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) 18 sftp.get(‘/tmp/test.py‘,‘/tmp/test1.py‘) 19 t.close()
上传或下载文件 - 通过密钥
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -.- coding:utf-8 -.- 3 # By Sandler 4 #上传文件 5 import paramiko 6 pravie_key_path = ‘/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa‘ 7 key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(pravie_key_path) 8 t = paramiko.Transport((‘192.168.11.11‘,22)) 9 t.connect(username=‘jack‘,pkey=key) 10 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) 11 sftp.put(‘/tmp/test3.py‘,‘/tmp/test4.py‘) 12 t.close() 13 #下载文件 14 import paramiko 15 pravie_key_path = ‘/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa‘ 16 key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(pravie_key_path) 17 t = paramiko.Transport((‘192.168.11.11‘,22)) 18 t.connect(username=‘jack‘,pkey=key) 19 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) 20 sftp.get(‘/tmp/test3.py‘,‘/tmp/test4.py‘) 21 t.close()
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -.- coding: utf-8 -.- 3 # By Sandler 4 5 import time 6 import datetime 7 8 print(time.clock()) #返回处理器时间,3.3开始已废弃 9 print(time.process_time()) #返回处理器时间,3.3开始已废弃 10 print(time.time()) #返回当前系统时间戳 11 print(time.ctime()) #输出Tue Jan 26 18:23:48 2016 ,当前系统时间 12 print(time.ctime(time.time()-86640)) #将时间戳转为字符串格式 13 print(time.gmtime(time.time()-86640)) #将时间戳转换成struct_time格式 14 print(time.localtime(time.time()-86640)) #将时间戳转换成struct_time格式,但返回 的本地时间 15 print(time.mktime(time.localtime())) #与time.localtime()功能相反,将struct_time格式转回成时间戳格式 16 #time.sleep(4) #sleep 17 print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.gmtime()) ) #将struct_time格式转成指定的字符串格式 18 print(time.strptime("2016-01-28","%Y-%m-%d") ) #将字符串格式转换成struct_time格式 19 20 #datetime module 21 22 print(datetime.date.today()) #输出格式 2016-01-26 23 print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time()-864400) ) #2016-01-16 将时间戳转成日期格式 24 current_time = datetime.datetime.now() # 25 print(current_time) #输出2016-01-26 19:04:30.335935 26 print(current_time.timetuple()) #返回struct_time格式 27 28 #datetime.replace([year[, month[, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]]]]]) 29 print(current_time.replace(2014,9,12)) #输出2014-09-12 19:06:24.074900,返回当前时间,但指定的值将被替换 30 31 str_to_date = datetime.datetime.strptime("21/11/06 16:30", "%d/%m/%y %H:%M") #将字符串转换成日期格式 32 new_date = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=10) #比现在加10天 33 new_date = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=-10) #比现在减10天 34 new_date = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=-10) #比现在减10小时 35 new_date = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=120) #比现在+120s 36 print(new_date)
| Directive | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
%a |
Locale’s abbreviated weekday name. | |
%A |
Locale’s full weekday name. | |
%b |
Locale’s abbreviated month name. | |
%B |
Locale’s full month name. | |
%c |
Locale’s appropriate date and time representation. | |
%d |
Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31]. | |
%H |
Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23]. | |
%I |
Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12]. | |
%j |
Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366]. | |
%m |
Month as a decimal number [01,12]. | |
%M |
Minute as a decimal number [00,59]. | |
%p |
Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM. | (1) |
%S |
Second as a decimal number [00,61]. | (2) |
%U |
Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0. | (3) |
%w |
Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6]. | |
%W |
Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0. | (3) |
%x |
Locale’s appropriate date representation. | |
%X |
Locale’s appropriate time representation. | |
%y |
Year without century as a decimal number [00,99]. | |
%Y |
Year with century as a decimal number. | |
%z |
Time zone offset indicating a positive or negative time difference from UTC/GMT of the form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal hour digits and M represents decimal minute digits [-23:59, +23:59]. | |
%Z |
Time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists). | |
%% |
A literal ‘%‘ character. |
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -.- coding: utf-8 -.- 3 # By Sandler 4 import logging 5 6 logging.warning("user [alex] attempted wrong password more than 3 times") 7 logging.critical("server is down") 8 9 #输出 10 WARNING:root:user [alex] attempted wrong password more than 3 times 11 CRITICAL:root:server is down
看一下这几个日志级别分别代表什么意思
| Level | When it’s used |
|---|---|
DEBUG |
Detailed information, typically of interest only when diagnosing problems. |
INFO |
Confirmation that things are working as expected. |
WARNING |
An indication that something unexpected happened, or indicative of some problem in the near future (e.g. ‘disk space low’). The software is still working as expected. |
ERROR |
Due to a more serious problem, the software has not been able to perform some function. |
CRITICAL |
A serious error, indicating that the program itself may be unable to continue running. |
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -.- coding: utf-8 -.- 3 # By Sandler 4 import logging 5 6 logging.basicConfig(filename=‘example.log‘,level=logging.INFO) 7 logging.debug(‘This message should go to the log file‘) 8 logging.info(‘So should this‘) 9 logging.warning(‘And this, too‘)
其中下面这句中的level=loggin.INFO意思是，把日志纪录级别设置为INFO，也就是说，只有比日志是INFO或比INFO级别更高的日志才会被纪录到文件里，在这个例子， 第一条日志是不会被纪录的，如果希望纪录debug的日志，那把日志级别改成DEBUG就行了。
1 logging.basicConfig(filename=‘example.log‘,level=logging.INFO)
感觉上面的日志格式忘记加上时间啦，日志不知道时间怎么行呢，下面就来加上!
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -.- coding: utf-8 -.- 3 # By Sandler 4 5 import logging 6 7 logging.basicConfig(format=‘%(asctime)s %(message)s‘, datefmt=‘%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p‘) 8 logging.warning(‘is when this event was logged.‘) 9 10 # 输出 11 12/12/2010 11:46:36 AM is when this event was logged.
The logging library takes a modular approach and offers several categories of components: loggers, handlers, filters, and formatters.
日志库采用模块化的方法,提供了几种类型的组件:伐木者、处理程序、过滤器和格式器
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -.- coding: utf-8 -.- 3 # By Sandler 4 5 import logging 6 7 #create logger 8 logger = logging.getLogger(‘TEST-LOG‘) # 定义日志记录用户 9 logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # 定义全局日志等级 10 # create console handler and set level to debug 11 ch = logging.StreamHandler() # 定义屏幕输出 12 ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # 定义屏幕输出日志等级 13 # create file handler and set level to warning 14 fh = logging.FileHandler("access.log") # 定义日志输出文件 15 fh.setLevel(logging.WARNING) # 定义文件日志输出等级 16 # create formatter 17 formatter = logging.Formatter(‘%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s‘) 18 # 日志格式化 19 # add formatter to ch and fh 20 ch.setFormatter(formatter) # 日志屏幕输出格式化 21 fh.setFormatter(formatter) # 日志文件输出格式化 22 # add ch and fh to logger 23 logger.addHandler(ch) 24 logger.addHandler(fh) 25 # ‘application‘ code 26 logger.debug(‘debug message‘) 27 logger.info(‘info message‘) 28 logger.warn(‘warn message‘) 29 logger.error(‘error message‘) 30 logger.critical(‘critical message‘)
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/sandler613/p/5562047.html
