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kernel/net/netlink/genetlink.c
kernel/include/net/genetlink.h
netlink仅支持32种协议类型,这在实际应用中可能并不足够。因此产生了generic netlink(以下简称为genl)。
generic netlink支持1023(前10个保留不用)个子协议号,弥补了netlink协议类型较少的缺陷。
Generic Netlink是以自定义的genl_family为基本单位的,每一个想使用genl通信的模块都要自己创建一个genl_family然后注册到genl模块(总线)中,最多可以添加1024个。
用户空间在使用genl时,可以将指定将数据发送给你挂载到genl上的family,family再做具体的处理
每个family在注册时都被分配了唯一的family_id,用户空间在发送数据时,将family_id写入nlmsghdr.nlmsg_type字段,genl就可以对应的family。
genl中共分配了16个链表,每个链表都可以挂载自定义的family
static struct list_head family_ht[GENL_FAM_TAB_SIZE=16];
这16个链表中元素的总个数是1024.
结构体中重要参数意义如下:
struct genl_family {
unsigned int id;
unsigned int hdrsize;
char name[GENL_NAMSIZ];
unsigned int version;
unsigned int maxattr;
bool netnsok;
bool parallel_ops;
int (*pre_doit)(struct genl_ops *ops,
struct sk_buff *skb,
struct genl_info *info);
void (*post_doit)(struct genl_ops *ops,
struct sk_buff *skb,
struct genl_info *info);
struct nlattr ** attrbuf; /* private */
struct list_head ops_list; /* private */
struct list_head family_list; /* private */
struct list_head mcast_groups; /* private */
struct module *module;
};
genl_family 操作函数
cmd:是个整形,用户空间发送消息时,首先定义好faimily的name,然后再定义好cmd,就可以调用相应的处理函数doit();
struct genl_ops {
u8 cmd;
u8 internal_flags;
unsigned int flags;
const struct nla_policy *policy;
int (*doit)(struct sk_buff *skb,
struct genl_info *info);
int (*dumpit)(struct sk_buff *skb,
struct netlink_callback *cb);
int (*done)(struct netlink_callback *cb);
struct list_head ops_list;
};
链表的初始化和消息接收函数
将创建的netlnik socket挂载到net_namespace(不懂这个东东)中
static int __init genl_init(void)
{
int i, err;
//初始化16条链表
for (i = 0; i < GENL_FAM_TAB_SIZE; i++)
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&family_ht[i]);
//注册一个自己用的family,共上层使用
err = genl_register_family_with_ops(&genl_ctrl, &genl_ctrl_ops, 1);
//真正的初始化函数,其中的genl_pernet_init()会创建netlink,定义接收函数genl_rcv()
err = register_pernet_subsys(&genl_pernet_ops);
genl_pernet_init()
{
struct netlink_kernel_cfg cfg = {
.input = genl_rcv, //接收函数
.flags = NL_CFG_F_NONROOT_RECV,
};
/* we‘ll bump the group number right afterwards */
net->genl_sock = netlink_kernel_create(net, NETLINK_GENERIC, &cfg);
}
//注册到多播组中
err = genl_register_mc_group(&genl_ctrl, ¬ify_grp);
}
genl_rcv()接收到数据会直接调用genl_rcv_msg()
然后根据nlmsghdr中的family_id(type)找到对应的family,
再根据genlmsghdr中的cmd找到family中对应的ops,然后调用doit做相应的处理
static int genl_rcv_msg(struct sk_buff *skb, struct nlmsghdr *nlh)
{
//nlmsghdr中的type应该和family的id一致,
//但是内核中genl注册family时,id是自动非配的,那用户空间发送的消息怎么确认id,
family = genl_family_find_byid(nlh->nlmsg_type);
//根据nlh中定义的cmd类型决定
genl_family_rcv_msg(family, skb, nlh);
{
//在传入的nlh的载荷中包含着geml的头genlmsghdr,
struct genlmsghdr *hdr = nlmsg_data(nlh);
//genl 信息,里面有netlnik head,genl head,user head等信息,最终会由用户(nl80211)定义的ops处理
struct genl_info info;
//如果有family有体检需要处理的,可以放在该处
err = family->pre_doit(ops, skb, &info);
//通过cmd找到ops,对传入的数据进行处理
ops = genl_get_cmd(hdr->cmd, family);
//ops处理数据
err = ops->doit(skb, &info);
//family的后续处理
family->post_doit(ops, skb, &info);
}
}
生成family_id,并将其加载到(android M中已经更改此API)
static inline int genl_register_family_with_ops(struct genl_family *family, struct genl_ops *ops, size_t n_ops)
{
//将每个family按照id顺序加载到genl的16条链表中
err = __genl_register_family(family);
//将genl_ops注册到family的ops_list上
for (i = 0; i < n_ops; ++i, ++ops) {
err = genl_register_ops(family, ops);
}
}
family指向属于该多播组的family,
id:是多播组id,由内核分配,在genlmsg_multicast()中使用
struct genl_multicast_group {
struct genl_family *family; /* private */
struct list_head list; /* private */
char name[GENL_NAMSIZ];
u32 id;
};
int genl_register_mc_group(struct genl_family *family, struct genl_multicast_group *grp)
{
....
//有一大堆算id的代码,看不懂, 通过传入的group的name计算出唯一的一个id,作为netlink多播组的group id
....
grp->id = id;
set_bit(id, mc_groups);
list_add_tail(&grp->list, &family->mcast_groups);
grp->family = family;
}
static inline int genlmsg_reply(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info)
最终会调用netlnik api nlmsg_unicast()
genlmsg_multicast_netns(struct net *net, struct sk_buff *skb, u32 portid, unsigned int group, gfp_t flags);
代码位置:external/libnl
官方文档 http://www.carisma.slowglass.com/~tgr/libnl/doc/core.html#_socket_structure_struct_nl_sock
netlink通信时同样可以使用libnl中的api,之前看netlink那个实例的时候,就感觉代码很乱,libnl中提供了比较精简的api
#include <netlink/socket.h>
struct nl_sock *nl_socket_alloc(void)
void nl_socket_free(struct nl_sock *sk)
//与kernel中的 genl模块相连接
genl_connect(struct nl_sk *)
//获取genl中要使用的family的id
int genl_ctrl_resolve(struct nl_sock *sk, const char *name)
{
msg = nlmsg_alloc();
//"nlctrl"是由kernel 的genl模块住的一个family,目前只支持获取genel中 family的id
genlmsg_put(msg, 0, 0, genl_ctrl_resolve(global->nl, "nlctrl"), 0, 0, CTRL_CMD_GETFAMILY, 0);
}
struct nl_msg *msg = nlmsg_alloc();
//msg中填充family ops中定义的CMD
//wpa_s 封装为 static void * nl80211_cmd(struct wpa_driver_nl80211_data *drv, struct nl_msg *msg, int flags, uint8_t cmd)
//该函数在生成nlmsg时,在其中添加genlmsghdr(genl的头)
void *genlmsg_put(struct nl_msg *msg, uint32_t pid, uint32_t seq, int family, int hdrlen, int flags, uint8_t cmd, uint8_t version)
示例:genlmsg_put(msg, 0, 0, family_id, 0, 0, cmd, 0);
//msg中放置不同类型的属性 attribute,整形或一块内存
NLA_PUT_U32(msg, attrtype, value);
NLA_PUT(msg, attrtype, attrlen, data)
返回值为发送的字符数,若错误返回负
int nl_send_auto_complete(struct nl_sock *sk, struct nl_msg *msg)
该函数最终调用socket API sendmsg(),函数内部会利用nl_msg中的信息生成 sendmsg 所需的msghdr结构体
nl_socket_add_membership(struct nl_sock *, group_id);
只实现了用户空间向内核中的family发送单播消息,
使用在ops对应的cmd doit函数中读取上层传送下来的attr内容
内核向用户空间发送多播消息还没有实现,因为不知道如何拿到genl创建的sock,
//genl test code by cuijiyue
#include <.h>
#define GENL_TEST_CMD 6
#define GENL_TEST_ATRR_TYPE 66
char *msg_send = "hello form genl kernel!";
static struct genl_family genl_test_fam = {
.id = GENL_ID_GENERATE, /* don‘t bother with a hardcoded ID */
.name = "genl_test", /* have users key off the name instead */
.hdrsize = 0, /* no private header */
.version = 1, /* no particular meaning now */
.maxattr = NL80211_ATTR_MAX,
.netnsok = true,
};
//genl_info *info 由genl genl_rcv()时生成的
static int genl_test_cmd_process(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info)
{
struct sk_buff *msg;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
printk("%s: genl_info nlhdr: len:%u, pid%u, snd_portid:%u\n", "genl_test", info->nlhdr->nlmsg_len, info->nlhdr->nlmsg_pid, info->snd_portid);
printk("%s: genl_info genlgdr: cmd:%u\n", "genl_test", info->genlhdr->cmd);
//printk("%s: genl_info userhdr:%s\n", "genl_test", (char*)(info->userhdr));
if(info->attrs[GENL_TEST_ATRR_TYPE]) {
printk("%s: GENL_TEST_ATRR_TYPE data:%s\n", "genl_test", (char*)nla_data(info->attrs[GENL_TEST_ATRR_TYPE]));
}
msg = nlmsg_new(4096, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!msg)
return -ENOMEM;
nlh = nlmsg_put(msg, 0, 0, NLMSG_DONE, strlen(msg_send), 0);
strcpy(nlmsg_data(nlh), msg_send);
//use netlnik unicast发送消息到用户空间
//return genlmsg_reply(msg, info);
//multi fail, cann‘t find this genl sock, it is in first_device
//genlmsg_multicast(&genl_test_fam, msg, 0, 0, 0);
//nlmsg_multicast();
genlmsg_multicast_allns(&genl_test_fam, msg, 0, 0, GFP_ATOMIC);
return 6666;
}
static struct genl_ops genl_test_ops[] = {
{
.cmd = GENL_TEST_CMD,
.doit = genl_test_cmd_process,
},
};
static struct genl_multicast_group genl_test_group[] = {
{.name = "genl_test_group",}
};
int __init genl_test_init(void)
{
int err;
//err = genl_register_family_with_ops(&genl_test_fam, genl_test_ops, ARRAY_SIZE(genl_test_ops));
//in android M has change this api usage
err = genl_register_family_with_ops_groups(&genl_test_fam, genl_test_ops, genl_test_group);
if (err)
goto err_out;
printk("%s: genl_test_fam id:%u, mcgrp_offset:%u\n", "genl_test", genl_test_fam.id, genl_test_fam.mcgrp_offset);
//err = genl_register_mc_group(&genl_test_fam, &genl_test_group);
//if (err)
// goto err_out;
//printk("%s: genl_test_group id:%u\n", "genl_test", genl_test_group.id);
return 0;
err_out:
genl_unregister_family(&genl_test_fam);
return err;
}
module_init(genl_test_init);
void __exit genl_test_exit(void)
{
genl_unregister_family(&genl_test_fam);
}
module_exit(genl_test_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("cuijiyue");
#include <.h>
#define MAX_PAYLOAD 1024 /* maximum payload size*/
#define GENL_TEST_CMD 6
#define GENL_TEST_ATRR_TYPE 66
char *attr_data = "66666";
struct nl_sock *nl_sk;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int ret;
int family_id, group_id;
struct nl_msg *msg;
struct sockaddr_nl src_addr, dest_addr;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
struct iovec iov;
struct msghdr msg_rev;
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
//创建sock并连接到kernel
nl_sk = nl_socket_alloc();
ret = genl_connect(nl_sk);
printf("self pid:%u\n", getpid());
if (ret != 0) {
printf("genl_connect error%s\n", ret);
goto err_out;
}
//获取自定义的family的id
family_id = genl_ctrl_resolve(nl_sk, "genl_test");
printf("genl_test family id:%d\n", ret);
// multi group, get it from kernel log group 9
nl_socket_add_membership(nl_sk, 9);
//生成msg
msg = nlmsg_alloc();
genlmsg_put(msg, 0, 0, family_id, 0, 0, GENL_TEST_CMD, 0);
//放置attr
nla_put(msg, GENL_TEST_ATRR_TYPE, strlen(attr_data), attr_data);
//发送消息
ret = nl_send_auto_complete(nl_sk, msg);
printf("nl_send ret:%d\n", ret);
//接收multi消息
memset(&dest_addr, 0, sizeof(dest_addr));
nlh=(struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD));
nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD);
iov.iov_base = (void *)nlh;
iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len;
msg_rev.msg_name = (void *)&dest_addr;
msg_rev.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);
msg_rev.msg_iov = &iov;
msg_rev.msg_iovlen = 1;
printf("waiting rev\n");
recvmsg(nl_sk, &msg_rev, 0);
printf(" Received message pid:%d, payload: %s\n", nlh->nlmsg_pid, NLMSG_DATA(nlh));
err_out:
nl_socket_free(nl_sk);
return ret;
}
nl80211直接使用的是Generic Netlink接口,添加了一个name为“nl80211”的family和对应的 ops方法,同时注册了多个多播组
代码位置
kernel/net/wireless/nl80211.c
kernel/include/uapi/linux/nl80211.h
nl80211添加到genl中的family
static struct genl_family nl80211_fam = {
.id = GENL_ID_GENERATE, /* don‘t bother with a hardcoded ID */
.name = "nl80211", /* have users key off the name instead */
.hdrsize = 0, /* no private header */
.version = 1, /* no particular meaning now */
.maxattr = NL80211_ATTR_MAX,
.netnsok = true,
.pre_doit = nl80211_pre_doit,
.post_doit = nl80211_post_doit,
};
static struct genl_ops nl80211_ops[]
是nl80211可以接受到的命令,每种命令都有相应的nl80211处理函数
wifi的scan,associate,connect等等,都是由此处理的
太多了,去看源码吧
wpa_s中与nl80211的通信时创建了两条socket,一条用于发送消息到内核,一条接收内核中的多播消息,
scoekt的初始化源码在wpa_driver_nl80211_init_nl_global()中
7.2.1 发送消息的socekt:
global->nl_cb = nl_cb_alloc(NL_CB_DEFAULT);
global->nl = nl_create_handle(global->nl_cb, "nl");
在nl80211中,每接收到一条命令,都会通过socket发送回相应的处理结果
其中nl_cb可以自定义函数处理内核返回的消息。
在global->nl发送命令前,通过以下函数设置自定义的结果处理函数。
nl_cb_set(cb, NL_CB_VALID, NL_CB_CUSTOM, valid_handler, valid_data);
7.2.2接收内核多播消息的socekt:
global->nl_event = nl_create_handle(global->nl_cb, "event");
获取nl80211中各个多播组的group_id,并添加socekt到该多播组
ret = nl_get_multicast_id(global, "nl80211", "scan");
ret = nl_socket_add_membership(global->nl_event, ret);
下一篇 wpa_supplicant源码分析–扫描连接过程
wpa_supplicant与内核nl80211通信之Generic Netlink
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/cuijiyue/article/details/51602314