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1.创建一个类
class Employee: empCount = 0 def __init__(self,name,salary): self.name = name self.salary = salary Employee.empCount +=1 def displayEmployee(self): print "Name:",self.name,",Salary:",self.salary #创建Employee类的一个对象 emp1 = Employee("Zara",2000) emp2 = Employee("Manni",5000) emp1.displayEmployee() emp2.displayEmployee() print "Total Employee %d" % Employee.empCount
2.修改与删除属性
class Employee: empCount = 0 def __init__(self,name,salary): self.name = name self.salary = salary Employee.empCount +=1 def displayEmployee(self): print "Name??",self.name,",Salary:",self.salary emp1 = Employee("Zara",2000) emp2 = Employee("Manni",5000) #修改属性 emp1.salary = "aa" emp1.displayEmployee() #删除属性 #del emp2.salary;
3.Python对象销毁(垃圾回收)
Python使用了引用计数来追踪内存中的对象
一个内部跟踪对象,称为一个引用计数器
当对象被创建时,就创建了一个引用计数,当这个对象不再需要时,也就是说,这个对象的引用计数变为0时,它被垃圾回收。但是回收不是“立即”的,由解释器在适当的时机,将垃圾对象占用的内存空间回收
Python的垃圾收集器实际上是一个引用计数器和一个循环垃圾收集器
__del__是析构函数
class Point: def __init__(self,x=0,y=0): self.x = x self.y = y
def __del__(self): class_name = self.__class__.__name__ print class_name,"销毁" pt1 = Point() pt2 = pt1 pt3 = pt2 print id(pt1),id(pt2),id(pt3) del pt1 del pt2 del pt3
4.类的继承
class Parent: parentAttr = 100 def __init__(self): print "调用父类构造函数" def parentMethod(self): print "调用父类方法" def setAttr(self,attr): Parent.parentAttr = attr def getAttr(self): print "父类属性:",Parent.parentAttr class Child(Parent): def __init__(self): print "调用子类构造方法" def childMethod(self): print "调用子类方法" child = Child()#调用子类构造方法 child.childMethod()#调用子类方法 child.parentMethod()#调用父类方法 child.setAttr(200) child.getAttr()#父类属性: 200
5.类的多继承
class A: pass class B: pass class C(A,B): pass
6.调用子类方法
class Parent: def myMethod(self): print "调用父类方法" class Child(Parent): def myMethod(self): print "调用子类方法" child = Child() child.myMethod()#调用子类方法
7.运算符重载
class Vector: def __init__(self,a,b): self.a = a self.b = b def __add__(self,other): return Vector(self.a + other.a,self.b + other.b) def __str__(self): return "Vector(%d,%d)" %(self.a,self.b) v1 = Vector(2,10) v2 = Vector(5,-2) print v1+v2#Vector(7,8)
8.声明类的私有成员
类的私有属性:__private_attrs:两个下划线开头,声明该属性为私有,不能在类的外部被使用,在类的内部使用self.__private_attrs
类的室友方法:__private_method:两个下划线开头,声明该方法为私有方法,不能在类的外部调用,在类的内部使用self__private_method
class JustCounter: __secreCount =0 publicCount =0 def count(self): self.__secreCount+=1 self.publicCount+=1 print self.__secreCount counter = JustCounter() counter.count() counter.count() print counter.publicCount print counter.__secreCount#报错,私有
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/2star/p/5572537.html