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转载请标明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/38614699,本文出自:【张鸿洋的博客】
相信大家对AsyncTask都不陌生,对于执行耗时任务,然后更新UI是一把利器,当然也是替代Thread + Handler 的一种方式。如果你对Handler机制还不了解,请看:Android 异步消息处理机制 让你深入理解 Looper、Handler、Message三者关系。
相信大家都写过这样的代码:
package com.example.zhy_asynctask_demo01; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.ProgressDialog; import android.os.AsyncTask; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.TextView; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; private ProgressDialog mDialog; private TextView mTextView; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.id_tv); mDialog = new ProgressDialog(this); mDialog.setMax(100); mDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL); mDialog.setCancelable(false); new MyAsyncTask().execute(); } private class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Integer, Void> { @Override protected void onPreExecute() { mDialog.show(); Log.e(TAG, Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onPreExecute "); } @Override protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) { // 模拟数据的加载,耗时的任务 for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { try { Thread.sleep(80); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } publishProgress(i); } Log.e(TAG, Thread.currentThread().getName() + " doInBackground "); return null; } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) { mDialog.setProgress(values[0]); Log.e(TAG, Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onProgressUpdate "); } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Void result) { // 进行数据加载完成后的UI操作 mDialog.dismiss(); mTextView.setText("LOAD DATA SUCCESS "); Log.e(TAG, Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onPostExecute "); } } }
效果图:
那么大家一定好奇,AsyncTask在Android中是如何实现的,下面进行源码分析:从我们的执行异步任务的起点开始,进入execute方法:
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) { return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params); } public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec, Params... params) { if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) { switch (mStatus) { case RUNNING: throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:" + " the task is already running."); case FINISHED: throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:" + " the task has already been executed " + "(a task can be executed only once)"); } } mStatus = Status.RUNNING; onPreExecute(); mWorker.mParams = params; exec.execute(mFuture); return this; }18行:设置当前AsyncTask的状态为RUNNING,上面的switch也可以看出,每个异步任务在完成前只能执行一次。
相信大家对22行出现的mWorker,以及23行出现的mFuture都会有些困惑。
mWorker找到这个类:
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> { Params[] mParams; }
public AsyncTask() { mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() { public Result call() throws Exception { mTaskInvoked.set(true); Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND); //noinspection unchecked return postResult(doInBackground(mParams)); } }; //…. }
private Result postResult(Result result) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT, new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result)); message.sendToTarget(); return result; }
private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> { final AsyncTask mTask; final Data[] mData; AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) { mTask = task; mData = data; } }
看到这,我相信大家肯定会想到,在某处肯定存在一个sHandler,且复写了其handleMessage方法等待消息的传入,以及消息的处理。
private static final InternalHandler sHandler = new InternalHandler(); private static class InternalHandler extends Handler { @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"}) @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj; switch (msg.what) { case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT: // There is only one result result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]); break; case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS: result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData); break; } } }
private void finish(Result result) { if (isCancelled()) { onCancelled(result); } else { onPostExecute(result); } mStatus = Status.FINISHED; }
mWoker看完了,应该到我们的mFuture了,依然实在构造方法中完成mFuture的初始化,将mWorker作为参数,复写了其done方法。
public AsyncTask() { ... mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) { @Override protected void done() { try { postResultIfNotInvoked(get()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e); } catch (ExecutionException e) { throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()", e.getCause()); } catch (CancellationException e) { postResultIfNotInvoked(null); } } }; }16行:任务执行结束会调用:postResultIfNotInvoked(get());get()表示获取mWorker的call的返回值,即Result.然后看postResultIfNotInvoked方法
private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) { final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get(); if (!wasTaskInvoked) { postResult(result); } }如果mTaskInvoked不为true,则执行postResult;但是在mWorker初始化时就已经将mTaskInvoked为true,所以一般这个postResult执行不到。
exec为executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params)中的sDefaultExecutor
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR; public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor(); private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor { final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>(); Runnable mActive; public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) { mTasks.offer(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { r.run(); } finally { scheduleNext(); } } }); if (mActive == null) { scheduleNext(); } } protected synchronized void scheduleNext() { if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) { THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive); } } }可以看到sDefaultExecutor其实为SerialExecutor的一个实例,其内部维持一个任务队列;直接看其execute(Runnable runnable)方法,将runnable放入mTasks队尾;
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR =new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);可以看到就是一个自己设置参数的线程池,参数为:
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 5; private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 128; private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1; private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() { private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1); public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement()); } }; private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10);
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor { final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>(); Runnable mActive; public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) { mTasks.offer(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { r.run(); } finally { scheduleNext(); } } }); if (mActive == null) { scheduleNext(); } } protected synchronized void scheduleNext() { if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) { THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive); } } }
到此源码解释完毕,由于代码跨度比较大,我们再回顾一下:
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) { return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params); } public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec, Params... params) { if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) { switch (mStatus) { case RUNNING: throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:" + " the task is already running."); case FINISHED: throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:" + " the task has already been executed " + "(a task can be executed only once)"); } } mStatus = Status.RUNNING; onPreExecute(); mWorker.mParams = params; exec.execute(mFuture); return this; }
说了这么多,我们好像忘了一个方法:publishProgress
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) { if (!isCancelled()) { sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS, new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget(); } }也很简单,直接使用sHandler发送一个消息,并且携带我们传入的值;
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler { @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"}) @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj; switch (msg.what) { case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT: // There is only one result result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]); break; case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS: result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData); break; } } }
记得以前有个面试题经常会问道:AsyncTask运行的原理是什么?有什么缺陷?
以前对于缺陷的答案可能是:AsyncTask在并发执行多个任务时发生异常。其实还是存在的,在3.0以前的系统中还是会以支持多线程并发的方式执行,支持并发数也是我们上面所计算的128,阻塞队列可以存放10个;也就是同时执行138个任务是没有问题的;而超过138会马上出现java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
而在在3.0以上包括3.0的系统中会为单线程执行(即我们上面代码的分析);
空说无凭:下面看测试代码:
package com.example.zhy_asynctask_demo01; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.ProgressDialog; import android.os.AsyncTask; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.TextView; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; private ProgressDialog mDialog; private TextView mTextView; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.id_tv); mDialog = new ProgressDialog(this); mDialog.setMax(100); mDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL); mDialog.setCancelable(false); for(int i = 1 ;i <= 138 ; i++) { new MyAsyncTask2().execute(); } //new MyAsyncTask().execute(); } private class MyAsyncTask2 extends AsyncTask<Void,Void, Void> { @Override protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) { try { Log.e(TAG, Thread.currentThread().getName()); Thread.sleep(10000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } } }可以看到我for循环中执行138个异步任务,每个异步任务的执行需要10s;下面使用2.2的模拟器进行测试:
输出结果为:
AsyncTask#1 - AsyncTask #128同时输出
然后10s后,另外10个任务输出。
可以分析结果,得到结论:AsyncTask在2.2的系统中同时支持128个任务并发,至少支持10个任务等待;
下面将138个任务,改成139个任务:
for(int i = 1 ;i <= 139 ; i++) { new MyAsyncTask2().execute(); }运行结果:会发生异常:java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException ; 于是可以确定仅支持10个任务等待,超过10个则立即发生异常。
简单看一下源码:
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);看ThreadPoolExecutor的execute方法:
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) { int recheck = ctl.get(); if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command)) reject(command); else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0) addWorker(null, false); } else if (!addWorker(command, false)) reject(command);
private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) { … int wc = workerCountOf(c); if (wc >= CAPACITY || wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize)) return false; … }
上面就是使用2.2模拟器测试的结果;
下面将系统改为4.1.1,也就是我的测试机小米2s
把线程数改为139甚至1000,你可以看到任务一个接一个的在那缓慢的执行,不会抛什么异常,不过线程倒是1个1个的在那执行;
好了,如果现在大家去面试,被问到AsyncTask的缺陷,可以分为两个部分说,在3.0以前,最大支持128个线程的并发,10个任务的等待。在3.0以后,无论有多少任务,都会在其内部单线程执行;
至此,AsyncTask源码分析完毕,相信大家对AsyncTask有了更深的理解~~~