Java并发编程总结4——ConcurrentHashMap在jdk1.8中的改进

public class ConcurrentHashMap<K, V> extends AbstractMap<K, V>
        implements ConcurrentMap<K, V>, Serializable {

    // 将整个hashmap分成几个小的map，每个segment都是一个锁；与hashtable相比，这么设计的目的是对于put, remove等操作，可以减少并发冲突，对
    // 不属于同一个片段的节点可以并发操作，大大提高了性能
    final Segment<K,V>[] segments;

    // 本质上Segment类就是一个小的hashmap，里面table数组存储了各个节点的数据，继承了ReentrantLock, 可以作为互拆锁使用
    static final class Segment<K,V> extends ReentrantLock implements Serializable {
        transient volatile HashEntry<K,V>[] table;
        transient int count;
    }

    // 基本节点，存储Key， Value值
    static final class HashEntry<K,V> {
        final int hash;
        final K key;
        volatile V value;
        volatile HashEntry<K,V> next;
    }
}

final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
    if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
    int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
    int binCount = 0;
    for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
        Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
        // 如果table为空，初始化；否则，根据hash值计算得到数组索引i，如果tab[i]为空，直接新建节点Node即可。注：tab[i]实质为链表或者红黑树的首节点。
        if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
            tab = initTable();
        else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
            if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
                         new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
                break;                   // no lock when adding to empty bin
        }
        // 如果tab[i]不为空并且hash值为MOVED，说明该链表正在进行transfer操作，返回扩容完成后的table。
        else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
            tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
        else {
            V oldVal = null;
            // 针对首个节点进行加锁操作，而不是segment，进一步减少线程冲突
            synchronized (f) {
                if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
                    if (fh >= 0) {
                        binCount = 1;
                        for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
                            K ek;
                            // 如果在链表中找到值为key的节点e，直接设置e.val = value即可。
                            if (e.hash == hash &&
                                ((ek = e.key) == key ||
                                 (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
                                oldVal = e.val;
                                if (!onlyIfAbsent)
                                    e.val = value;
                                break;
                            }
                            // 如果没有找到值为key的节点，直接新建Node并加入链表即可。
                            Node<K,V> pred = e;
                            if ((e = e.next) == null) {
                                pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
                                                          value, null);
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // 如果首节点为TreeBin类型，说明为红黑树结构，执行putTreeVal操作。
                    else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
                        Node<K,V> p;
                        binCount = 2;
                        if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
                                                       value)) != null) {
                            oldVal = p.val;
                            if (!onlyIfAbsent)
                                p.val = value;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if (binCount != 0) {
                // 如果节点数>＝8，那么转换链表结构为红黑树结构。
                if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
                    treeifyBin(tab, i);
                if (oldVal != null)
                    return oldVal;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    // 计数增加1，有可能触发transfer操作(扩容)。
    addCount(1L, binCount);
    return null;
}

public class CompareConcurrentHashMap {
    private static ConcurrentHashMap<String, Integer> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Integer>(40000);


    public static void putPerformance(int index, int num) {
        for (int i = index; i < (num + index) ; i++)
            map.put(String.valueOf(i), i);
    }
public static void getPerformance2() {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 400000; i++)
            map.get(String.valueOf(i));
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("get: it costs " + (end - start) + " ms");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        final CountDownLatch cdLatch = new CountDownLatch(4);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            final int finalI = i;
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    CompareConcurrentHashMap.putPerformance(100000 * finalI, 100000);
                    cdLatch.countDown();
                }
            }).start();
        }
        cdLatch.await();
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("put: it costs " + (end - start) + " ms");
        CompareConcurrentHashMap.getPerformance2();
    }
}

public class App {
    private static List<String> arrayList = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<String>());
    private static List<String> copyOnWriteArrayList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
    private static CountDownLatch cdl1 = new CountDownLatch(2);
    private static CountDownLatch cdl2 = new CountDownLatch(2);
    private static CountDownLatch cdl3 = new CountDownLatch(2);
    private static CountDownLatch cdl4 = new CountDownLatch(2);

    static class Thread1 extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
                arrayList.add(String.valueOf(i));
            cdl1.countDown();
        }
    }

    static class Thread2 extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
                copyOnWriteArrayList.add(String.valueOf(i));
            cdl2.countDown();
        }
    }

    static class Thread3 extends Thread1 {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            int size = arrayList.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
                arrayList.get(i);
            cdl3.countDown();
        }
    }

    static class Thread4 extends Thread1 {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            int size = copyOnWriteArrayList.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
                copyOnWriteArrayList.get(i);
            cdl4.countDown();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        long start1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        new Thread1().start();
        new Thread1().start();
        cdl1.await();
        System.out.println("arrayList add: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start1));

        long start2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        new Thread2().start();
        new Thread2().start();
        cdl2.await();
        System.out.println("copyOnWriteArrayList add: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start2));

        long start3 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        new Thread3().start();
        new Thread3().start();
        cdl3.await();
        System.out.println("arrayList get: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start3));

        long start4 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        new Thread4().start();
        new Thread4().start();
        cdl4.await();
        System.out.println("copyOnWriteArrayList get: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start4));
    }
}