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一、参数传入规则
可变参数允许传入0个或任意个参数,在函数调用时自动组装成一个tuple;
关键字参数允许传入0个或任意个参数,在函数调用时自动组装成一个dict;
1. 传入可变参数:
1 def calc(*numbers): 2 sum = 0 3 for n in numbers: 4 sum = sum + n * n 5 return sum
以上定义函数,使用如下:
传入多个参数,
calc(1, 2, 3, 4) 30 #函数返回值
传入一个列表,
nums = [1, 2, 3] calc(*nums) # 通过 * 将list中的元素作为可变参数传入函数 14 # 函数返回值
2.传入关键字参数:
>>> def person(name, age, **kw): ... print(‘name: ‘, name, ‘age: ‘, age, ‘other: ‘, kw) ... >>> >>> person(‘luhc‘, 24, city=‘Guangzhou‘) name: luhc age: 24 other: {‘city‘: ‘Guangzhou‘}
同样,可以将预先定义的dict作为参数传入以上函数:
>>> info = {‘city‘: ‘Guangzhou‘, ‘job‘: ‘engineer‘} >>> >>> person(‘luhc‘, 24, **info) name: luhc age: 24 other: {‘city‘: ‘Guangzhou‘, ‘job‘: ‘engineer‘}
注意: 函数person 获得的是参数 info 的一份拷贝,在函数内修改不会影响 info 的值
3. 在关键字参数中,可以限制关键字参数的名字:
# 通过 * 分割,以指定关键字参数名 >>> def person(name, age, *, city, job): ... print(‘name: ‘, name, ‘age: ‘, age, ‘city: ‘, city, ‘job: ‘, job) ... >>> >>> person(‘luhc‘, 24, city=‘Guangzhou‘, job=‘engineer‘) name: luhc age: 24 city: Guangzhou job: engineer # 如果传入参数中,存在参数名不在定义的范围内,将抛出异常 >>> person(‘luhc‘, 24, city=‘Guangzhou‘, jobs=‘engineer‘) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: person() got an unexpected keyword argument ‘jobs‘ >>>
此外,如果函数中已经指定可变参数,则 * 可以省略,如下:
# 省略了用 * 作为分割,指定关键字参数名 >>> def person(name, age, *args, city, job): ... print(‘name: ‘, name, ‘age: ‘, age, ‘args: ‘, args, ‘city: ‘, city, ‘job: ‘, job) ... >>> >>> person(‘luhc‘, 24, ‘a‘, ‘b‘, city=‘Guangz‘, job=‘engineer‘) name: luhc age: 24 args: (‘a‘, ‘b‘) city: Guangz job: engineer >>> # 同样,如果传入了关键字参数未指定的参数名,则抛出异常 >>> person(‘luhc‘, 24, ‘a‘, ‘b‘, city=‘Guangz‘, job=‘engineer‘, test=‘a‘) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: person() got an unexpected keyword argument ‘test‘ >>>
二、参数组合使用:
参数定义的顺序必须是:必选参数、默认参数、可变参数、命名关键字参数和关键字参数
def f1(a, b, c=0, *args, **kw): print(‘a =‘, a, ‘b =‘, b, ‘c =‘, c, ‘args =‘, args, ‘kw =‘, kw) def f2(a, b, c=0, *, d, **kw): print(‘a =‘, a, ‘b =‘, b, ‘c =‘, c, ‘d =‘, d, ‘kw =‘, kw)
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/luhc/p/5636374.html