标签：https
本文旨在实践httpd-2.4基于域名的虚拟主机配置，让指定用户访问站点状态信息，并为站点提供https服务。
知识储备
HTTPS协议
HTTPS协议就是“HTTP协议”和“SSL/TLS”协议的结合，HTTP over SSL”或“HTTP over TLS”,对http协议的文本数据进行加密处理后，成为二进制形式传输.
SSL会话简化过程
(1) 客户端发送可供选择的加密方式，并向服务器请求证书；
(2) 服务器端发送证书以及选定的加密方式给客户端；
(3) 客户端取得证书并进行证书验正：
如果信任给其发证书的CA机构：则
(a) 验正证书来源的合法性；用CA的公钥解密证书上数字签名；
(b) 验正证书的内容的合法性：完整性验正
(c) 检查证书的有效期限；
(d) 检查证书是否被吊销；
(e) 证书中拥有者的名字，与访问的目标主机要一致；
(4) 客户端生成临时会话密钥（对称密钥），并使用服务器端的公钥加密此数据发送给服务器，
完成密钥交换；
(5) 服务用此密钥加密用户请求的资源，响应给客户端；
注意：SSL会话是基于IP地址创建；所以单IP的主机上，仅可以使用一个https虚拟主机；
SSL/TLS协议模型
环境准备
1.操作系统及软件
2台 Centos 7.2 x86_64
httpd：httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.x86_64
2.IP地址
172.16.52.51/16 web服务
172.16.52.1/6 CA证书颁发机构
2.提供2个基于域名的虚拟主机
域名 www1.linux.com、www2.linux.com
站点目录:/web/vhosts/www{1,2}
访问日志:/var/log/httpd/www{1,2}/www{1,2}.access_log
错误日志:/var/log/httpd/www{1,2}/www{1,2}.error_log
3.输出www1.linux.com的状态信息，且要求只允许提供账号的用户访问
4.www1不允许10.0.0.0/24网络中的主机访问
5.为www2提供https服务。
注意：关闭防火墙和selinux
安装httpd并配置虚拟主机
1.安装httpd
[root@study ~]# yum -y install httpd
2.注释主配置文件的DocumentRoot
[root@study ~]# grep "#DocumentRoot" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf #DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
3.配置虚拟主机
[root@study conf.d]# cat www1.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www1.linux.com DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www1" CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www1/www1.access_log" combined ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www1/www1.error_log" <Directory "/web/vhosts/www1"> Options None AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost>
www2的配置与此并无差别，不在不再赘述
配置站点主页
[root@study ~]# cat /web/vhosts/www{1,2}/index.html
www1 websit http://www1.linux.com
www2 websit http://www2.linux.com
4.检查并启动服务
[root@study conf.d]# httpd -t Syntax OK [root@study conf.d]# systemctl start httpd.service
5.测试
[root@study conf.d]# curl www1.linux.com www1 websit http://www1.linux.com
[root@study conf.d]# curl www2.linux.com www2 websit http://www2.linux.com
6.输出www1.linux.com的状态信息，且要求只允许提供账号的用户访问
6.1 编辑www1的虚拟主机文件：添加一个<Location></Location>标签
[root@study conf.d]# cat www1.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www1.linux.com DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www1" CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www1/www1.access_log" combined ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www1/www1.error_log" <Directory "/web/vhosts/www1"> Options None AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> <Location "/server-status"> SetHandler server-status AuthType basic AuthName "For Adminstrator" AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/conf/.htpasswd" Require user tom </Location> </VirtualHost>
6.2 提供账号和密码存储文件
[root@study conf]# htpasswd -c -m /etc/httpd/conf/.htpasswd tom New password: Re-type new password: Adding password for user tom
6.3 测试：
浏览器输入http://www1.linux.com/server-status
7. www1不允许10.0.0.0/24网络中的主机访问
配置www1虚拟主机，在<Directory></Directory>标签段内添加<RequireAll>段
<Directory "/web/vhosts/www1"> Options None AllowOverride None <RequireAll> Require all granted Require not ip 10.0.0.0/24 </RequireAll> </Directory>
实现虚拟主机 www2 https访问
在172.16.52.1 CA服务器上：
1. 配置CA证书颁发机构
1.1 查看openssl相关文件
[root@CA ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA [root@CA CA]# ll total 16 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 24 03:09 certs drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 24 03:09 crl drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 24 03:09 newcerts drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Jul 24 03:09 private
1.2 使用openssl生成CA私钥
[root@CA CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048) Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ....................................................................................................................................................+++ .....................................................................................+++ e is 65537 (0x10001)
1.3 使用openssl给CA服务器生成自签名证书
[root@CA CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:magedu Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ops Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []:ca.test.com Email Address []:ca@test.com
1.4 创建CA相关目录和文件，指定序列号起始数字
[root@CA CA]# touch index.txt #新建索引文件 [root@CA CA]# touch serial #建立序列号文件 [root@CA CA]# echo 01 > serial #写入起始序列号
web服务器创建申请证书
2. 创建申请证书
2.1 在web服务器配置目录创建ssl目录
[root@study ~]# mkdir /etc/httpd/ssl
2.2 生成httpd 服务私钥
[root@study ~]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key 1024) Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus ..................++++++ ..............................++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@study ~]# ll /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key -rw------- 1 root root 887 Jul 14 15:29 /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key
2.3 生成证书签署请求文件
[root@study ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key -out /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.csr You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:Beijing Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:magedu Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ops Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []:www1.linux.com Email Address []:ops@admin.com Please enter the following ‘extra‘ attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []:
2.4 把httpd申请证书发送到CA颁发机构上
[root@study ssl]# scp httpd.csr 172.16.52.1:/tmp root@172.16.52.1‘s password: httpd.csr 100% 696 0.7KB/s 00:00
2.5 在CA端为给客户端签名并颁发正式
[root@CA tmp]# openssl ca -in httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 3650 Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Dec 15 18:13:23 2015 GMT Not After : Dec 12 18:13:23 2025 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = Beijing organizationName = magedu organizationalUnitName = ops commonName = www1.linux.com emailAddress = ops@admin.com X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: D0:C4:3B:E1:C4:59:25:D4:0E:DF:AF:83:9C:48:D6:A8:D9:CC:27:27 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:67:CC:F6:A8:E6:0B:73:CE:6C:A1:6D:B8:A6:99:1F:CA:7A:A3:D3:AB Certificate is to be certified until Dec 12 18:13:23 2025 GMT (3650 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated
[root@CA tmp]# ll httpd* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3830 Dec 16 02:15 httpd.crt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 696 Dec 16 02:12 httpd.csr
2.6 将生成的证书复制到web服务器上
[root@ca tmp]# scp httpd.crt root@172.16.52.51:/etc/httpd/ssl
2.7 web服务器查看收到的证书
[root@study ssl]# ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3830 Dec 16 2015 httpd.crt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 696 Jul 14 16:01 httpd.csr -rw------- 1 root root 887 Jul 14 16:00 httpd.key
3. web服务器配置ssl模块
3.1装载mod_ssl
[root@study ssl]# yum -y install mod_ssl
3.2 修改ssl配置文件
配置/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
DocumentRoot
[root@study ssl]# sed -n "/^DocumentRoot/p" /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www2"
ServerName
[root@study ssl]# sed -n "/^ServerName/p" /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf ServerName www2.linux.com:443
<Directory "">
[root@study ssl]# sed -n "186,190p" /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf <Directory "/web/vhosts/www2"> Options None AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory>
SSLCertificateFile
SSLCertificateKeyFile
[root@study conf.d]# sed -n ‘101p;109p‘ /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key
3.3 重启httpd服务
[root@study conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd.service
[root@study conf.d]# ss -tnlp|grep 443
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::* users:(("httpd",pid=2475,fd=6),("httpd",pid=2474,fd=6),("httpd",pid=2473,fd=6),("httpd",pid=2472,fd=6),("httpd",pid=2471,fd=6),("httpd",pid=2469,fd=6)) 3.5 浏览器访问
这是证书未收信任，把httpd.crt证书导入浏览器就好了.
本文出自 “Hello,Linux” 博客，转载请与作者联系！
标签：https
原文地址：http://zhangbei.blog.51cto.com/11081042/1826454
