功能介绍：
该脚本用于定期（结合crontab一起使用）将本地目录通过rsync+ssh传输到远程服务器，每次执行都生成一个带有以时间命名的目录，并且当前最新版本的数据链接到一个名字叫current的符号链接上，便于查找和恢复。在数据传输完成前，会传输到临时目录下，这个临时目录被命名为“时间-incomplete”。超过10天的备份将被删除，超过10天的日志文件也将被删除。
运行原理：
脚本运行的核心就在于ssh的互信和rsync命令。利用rsync能实现压缩传输，节省传输时间。
感谢：
脚本内容：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Function description:
# Backup filesystem using rsync
# Usage:
# bash backup.sh
# Birth Time:
# 2016-07-15 16:13:43.895515929 +0800
# Author:
# Open Source Software written by ‘Guodong Ding <dgdenterprise@gmail.com>‘
# Blog: http://dgd2010.blog.51cto.com/
# Github: https://github.com/DingGuodong
# Others:
# crontabs -- configuration and scripts for running periodical jobs
# SHELL=/bin/bash
# PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
# MAILTO=root
# HOME=/
# For details see man 4 crontabs
# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# | .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# | | | | |
# * * * * * user-name command to be executed
# m h dom mon dow command
# execute on 11:59 per sunday
# 59 11 * * */0 bash /path/to/backup.sh >/tmp/log_backup_fs_crontab_$(date +"\%Y\%m\%d\%H\%M\%S").log
# or
# execute on 23:59 per day
# 59 23 * * * bash /path/to/backup.sh >/tmp/log_backup_fs_crontab_$(date +"\%Y\%m\%d\%H\%M\%S").log
USER="`id -un`"
LOGNAME="$USER"
if [ $UID -ne 0 ]; then
echo "WARNING: Running as a non-root user, \"$LOGNAME\". Functionality may be unavailable. Only root can use some commands or options"
fi
old_PATH=$PATH
declare -x PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"
# Snapshot backup script
# Refer: https://github.com/gregrs-uk/snapshot-backup/
# directories to backup, separated by spaces
datadir_to_backup="/data/docker"
# backup location on remote server
# This path should not contain spaces, even if they are escaped
remote_destination="/data/backup/filesystem/10.6.28.135"
# ssh login to remote server
backup_server="root@10.6.28.28"
# set ssh options for backup server
ssh_option="-i /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -p 22 -oStrictHostKeyChecking=no"
# log dir on local machine
#log_directory="/tmp/backup-filesystem-10.6.28.135"
log_directory="/tmp/"
# exclude file on local machine
exclude=""
# ------ END OF CONFIGURATION VARIABLES ------
# the following two variables should not need modification
datetime=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`
date=`date +%Y%m%d`
# set log_directory for local backup logs
test -d ${log_directory} || mkdir -p ${log_directory}
# check directories exist and are accessible
ssh ${ssh_option} ${backup_server} "test -e $remote_destination || mkdir -p $remote_destination"
# make directory for this snapshot
ssh ${ssh_option} ${backup_server} "mkdir $remote_destination/$datetime-incomplete" || { echo "Could not create snapshot directory"; exit 1; }
# Refer:
#rsync -u -r -v -e ssh --progress --delete --chmod=D775 /path/to/documents/* your_server_name@your_domain:~/public_html/documents/ --exclude=.htaccess --exclude=.htaccess~
#rsync -azurR -e "ssh -i /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -p 22 -oStrictHostKeyChecking=no" --log-file=/tmp/rsync.log --delete --delete-excluded testdir 10.6.28.28:/data/backup/filesystem/10.6.28.135
# do the rsync
# -a, --archive archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)
# -r, --recursive recurse into directories
# -R, --relative use relative path names
# -u, --update skip files that are newer on the receiver
# -z, --compress compress file data during the transfer
rsync -azurR -e "ssh $ssh_option" --log-file=${log_directory}/backup_filesystem_rsync_${datetime}.log --delete --delete-excluded ${datadir_to_backup} ${backup_server}:${remote_destination}/${datetime}-incomplete/
# change name of directory once rsync is complete
ssh ${ssh_option} ${backup_server} "mv $remote_destination/$datetime-incomplete $remote_destination/$datetime" || { echo "Could not rename directory after rsync"; exit 1; }
# link current to this backup
ssh ${ssh_option} ${backup_server} "test ! -d $remote_destination/current || rm -f $remote_destination/current" || { echo "Could not remove current backup link"; exit 1; }
ssh ${ssh_option} ${backup_server} "ln -s $remote_destination/$datetime $remote_destination/current" || { echo "Could not create current backup link"; exit 1; }
# remove backups older than 10 days
ssh ${ssh_option} ${backup_server} "find $remote_destination/* -maxdepth 0 -type d -mtime +10 -exec rm -rf {} \;" || { echo "Could not remove old backups"; exit 1; }
# remove local log files older than 10 days
find ${log_directory}/* -maxdepth 0 -type f -name *.log -mtime +10 -exec rm -rf ‘{}‘ \; || { echo "Could not remove old log files"; exit 1; }
declare -x PATH=${old_PATH}tag:Linux备份,远程备份,rsync备份
--end--
本文出自 “通信，我的最爱” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://dgd2010.blog.51cto.com/1539422/1826915
LinuxShell脚本之利用rsync+ssh实现Linux文件系统远程备份
原文地址：http://dgd2010.blog.51cto.com/1539422/1826915
