标签:android looper handler message
很多人面试肯定都被问到过,请问Android中的Looper , Handler , Message有什么关系?本篇博客目的首先为大家从源码角度介绍3者关系,然后给出一个容易记忆的结论。说了这一堆,那么和Handler 、 Looper 、Message有啥关系?其实Looper负责的就是创建一个MessageQueue,然后进入一个无限循环体不断从该MessageQueue中读取消息,而消息的创建者就是一个或多个Handler 。
public static final void prepare() { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(true)); }
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) { mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed); mRun = true; mThread = Thread.currentThread(); }在构造方法中,创建了一个MessageQueue(消息队列)。
public static void loop() { final Looper me = myLooper(); if (me == null) { throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn‘t called on this thread."); } final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, // and keep track of what that identity token actually is. Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); for (;;) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block if (msg == null) { // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting. return; } // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger Printer logging = me.mLogging; if (logging != null) { logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); } msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); if (logging != null) { logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); } // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the // identity of the thread wasn‘t corrupted. final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); if (ident != newIdent) { Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x" + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x" + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to " + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " " + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what); } msg.recycle(); } }
public Handler() { this(null, false); } public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can‘t create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; }
14行:通过Looper.myLooper()获取了当前线程保存的Looper实例,然后在19行又获取了这个Looper实例中保存的MessageQueue(消息队列),这样就保证了handler的实例与我们Looper实例中MessageQueue关联上了。
然后看我们最常用的sendMessage方法
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg) { return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0); }
public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) { Message msg = Message.obtain(); msg.what = what; return sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis); }
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis) { if (delayMillis < 0) { delayMillis = 0; } return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis); }
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { MessageQueue queue = mQueue; if (queue == null) { RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException( this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e); return false; } return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis); }
辗转反则最后调用了sendMessageAtTime,在此方法内部有直接获取MessageQueue然后调用了enqueueMessage方法,我们再来看看此方法:
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { msg.target = this; if (mAsynchronous) { msg.setAsynchronous(true); } return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis); }
enqueueMessage中首先为meg.target赋值为this,【如果大家还记得Looper的loop方法会取出每个msg然后交给msg,target.dispatchMessage(msg)去处理消息】,也就是把当前的handler作为msg的target属性。最终会调用queue的enqueueMessage的方法,也就是说handler发出的消息,最终会保存到消息队列中去。
现在已经很清楚了Looper会调用prepare()和loop()方法,在当前执行的线程中保存一个Looper实例,这个实例会保存一个MessageQueue对象,然后当前线程进入一个无限循环中去,不断从MessageQueue中读取Handler发来的消息。然后再回调创建这个消息的handler中的dispathMessage方法,下面我们赶快去看一看这个方法:
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } }
/** * Subclasses must implement this to receive messages. */ public void handleMessage(Message msg) { }可以看到这是一个空方法,为什么呢,因为消息的最终回调是由我们控制的,我们在创建handler的时候都是复写handleMessage方法,然后根据msg.what进行消息处理。
例如:
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case value: break; default: break; } }; };
1、首先Looper.prepare()在本线程中保存一个Looper实例,然后该实例中保存一个MessageQueue对象;因为Looper.prepare()在一个线程中只能调用一次,所以MessageQueue在一个线程中只会存在一个。
2、Looper.loop()会让当前线程进入一个无限循环,不端从MessageQueue的实例中读取消息,然后回调msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)方法。
3、Handler的构造方法,会首先得到当前线程中保存的Looper实例,进而与Looper实例中的MessageQueue想关联。
4、Handler的sendMessage方法,会给msg的target赋值为handler自身,然后加入MessageQueue中。
5、在构造Handler实例时,我们会重写handleMessage方法,也就是msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)最终调用的方法。
好了,总结完成,大家可能还会问,那么在Activity中,我们并没有显示的调用Looper.prepare()和Looper.loop()方法,为啥Handler可以成功创建呢,这是因为在Activity的启动代码中,已经在当前UI线程调用了Looper.prepare()和Looper.loop()方法。
今天有人问我,你说Handler的post方法创建的线程和UI线程有什么关系?
其实这个问题也是出现这篇博客的原因之一;这里需要说明,有时候为了方便,我们会直接写如下代码:
mHandler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Log.e("TAG", Thread.currentThread().getName()); mTxt.setText("yoxi"); } });
public final boolean post(Runnable r) { return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0); }
private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r) { Message m = Message.obtain(); m.callback = r; return m; }
注:产生一个Message对象,可以new ,也可以使用Message.obtain()方法;两者都可以,但是更建议使用obtain方法,因为Message内部维护了一个Message池用于Message的复用,避免使用new 重新分配内存。
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis) { if (delayMillis < 0) { delayMillis = 0; } return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis); }
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { MessageQueue queue = mQueue; if (queue == null) { RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException( this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e); return false; } return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis); }最终和handler.sendMessage一样,调用了sendMessageAtTime,然后调用了enqueueMessage方法,给msg.target赋值为handler,最终加入MessagQueue.
可以看到,这里msg的callback和target都有值,那么会执行哪个呢?
其实上面已经贴过代码,就是dispatchMessage方法:
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } }第2行,如果不为null,则执行callback回调,也就是我们的Runnable对象。
好了,关于Looper , Handler , Message 这三者关系上面已经叙述的非常清楚了。
最后来张图解:
希望图片可以更好的帮助大家的记忆~~
其实Handler不仅可以更新UI,你完全可以在一个子线程中去创建一个Handler,然后使用这个handler实例在任何其他线程中发送消息,最终处理消息的代码都会在你创建Handler实例的线程中运行。
new Thread() { private Handler handler; public void run() { Looper.prepare(); Looper.loop(); handler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) { Log.e("TAG",Thread.currentThread().getName()); }; }; }; }.start();
Android 异步消息处理机制 让你深入理解 Looper、Handler、Message三者关系,布布扣,bubuko.com
Android 异步消息处理机制 让你深入理解 Looper、Handler、Message三者关系
标签:android looper handler message
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/38377229