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在当今网页设计/开发实践中,使用CSS来为语义化的(X)HTML标记添加样式风格是重要的关键。在设计师们的梦想中都存在着这样的一个完美世界:所有的浏览器都能够理解和适用多有CSS规则,并且呈现相同的视觉效果(没有兼容性问题)。但是,我们并没有生活在这个完美的世界,现实中发生的失窃却总是恰恰相反,很多CSS样式在不同的浏览器中有着不同的解释和呈现。
当今流行的浏览器(如:Firefox、Opera、Internet Explorer、Chrome、Safari等等)中,有一些都是以自己的方式去理解CSS规范,这就会导致有的浏览器对CSS的解释与设计师的CSS定义初衷相冲突,使得网页的样子在某些浏览器下能正确按照设计师的想法显示,但有些浏览器却并没有按照设计师想要的样子显示出来,这就导致浏览器的兼容性问题。更糟的是,有的浏览器完全无视CSS的一些声明和属性。
正因为上述冲突和问题依然存在于这个”不完美的世界”,所以一些设计师想到了一种避免浏览器兼容性问题的方法,那就是CSS Reset,什么是CSS Reset?我们可以把它叫做CSS重设,也有人叫做CSS复位、默认CSS、CSS重置等。CSS重设就是由于各种浏览器解释CSS样式的初始值有所不同,导致设计师在没有定义某个CSS属性时,不同的浏览器会按照自己的默认值来为没有定义的样式赋值,所以我们要先定义好一些CSS样式,来让所有浏览器都按照同样的规则解释CSS,这样就能避免发生这种问题。
* {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
这是最普遍最简单的CSS重设,将所有元素的padding和margin值都设为0,可以避免一些浏览器在理解这两个属性默认值上的”分歧”。
* {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
border: 0;
}
这是在上一个重设的基础上添加了对border属性的重设,初始值为0的确能避免一些问题。
* {
outline: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
border: 0;
}
在前两个的基础上添加了outline属性的重设,防止一些冲突。
* {
vertical-align: baseline;
font-weight: inherit;
font-family: inherit;
font-style: inherit;
font-size: 100%;
outline: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
border: 0;
}
该CSS重设方法出自Perishable Press,这是他常用的方法。
html, body {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
html {
font-size:1em;
}
body {
font-size:100%;
}
a img, :link img, :visited img {
border:0px;
}
这个重设方法将html和body下元素的padding和margin都设为0,并分别为html标签和body标签下的所有元素设置了初始的字体大小,最重要的是把有链接的图片的默认边框去掉了。
* {
vertical-align: baseline;
font-family: inherit;
fo
nt-style: inherit;
font-size: 100%;
border: none;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
body {
padding: 5px;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, pre, blockquote, form, ul, ol, dl {
margin: 20px 0;
}
li, dd, blockquote {
margin-left: 40px;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
body, div, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, pre, form, fieldset, input, p, blockquote, table, th, td, embed, object {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
fieldset, img, abbr {
border: 0;
}
address, caption, cite, code, dfn, em,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, strong, th, var {
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
ul {
list-style: none;
}
caption, th {
text-align: left;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
font-size: 1.0em;
}
q:before, q:after {
content: ”;
}
a, ins {
text-decoration: none;
}
body,div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,
form,fieldset,input,textarea,p,blockquote,th,td {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
fieldset,img {
border: 0;
}
address,caption,cite,code,dfn,em,strong,th,var {
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
ol,ul {
list-style: none;
}
caption,th {
text-align: left;
}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {
font-weight: normal;
font-size: 100%;
}
q:before,q:after {
content:”;
}
abbr,acronym {
border: 0;
}
html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, table, caption,
tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins,
kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr,
acronym, address, big, cite, code, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend {
vertical-align: baseline;
font-family: inherit;
font-weight: inherit;
font-style: inherit;
font-size: 100%;
outline: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
border: 0;
}
:focus {
outline: 0;
}
body {
background: white;
line-height: 1;
color: black;
}
ol, ul {
list-style: none;
}
table {
border-collapse: separate;
border-spacing: 0;
}
caption, th, td {
font-weight: normal;
text-align: left;
}
blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after {
content: “”;
}
blockquote, q {
quotes: “” “”;
}
body, div, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
pre, form, fieldset, input, textarea, p, blockquote, th, td {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
fieldset, img {
border: 0;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
ol, ul {
list-style: none;
}
address, caption, cite, code, dfn, em, strong, th, var {
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
caption, th {
text-align: left;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
font-weight: normal;
font-size: 100%;
}
q:before, q:after {
content: ”;
}
abbr, acronym {
border: 0;
}
html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3,
h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym,
address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins,
kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt,
var, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
outline: 0;
font-weight: inherit;
font-style: inherit;
font-size: 100%;
font-family: inherit;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
:focus {
outline: 0;
}
a, a:link, a:visited, a:hover, a:active{
text-decoration:none
}
table {
border-collapse: separate;
border-spacing: 0;
}
th, td {
text-align: left;
font-weight: normal;
}
img, iframe {
border: none;
text-decoration:none;
}
ol, ul {
list-style: none;
}
input, textarea, select, button {
font-size: 100%;
font-family: inherit;
}
select {
margin: inherit;
}
hr {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
color: #000;
height: 1px
}
* {
vertical-align: baseline;
font-family: inherit;
font-style: inherit;
font-size: 100%;
border: none;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
body {
padding: 5px;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, pre, blockquote, form, ul, ol, dl {
margin: 20px 0;
}
li, dd, blockquote {
margin-left: 40px;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
:link,:visited { text-decoration:none }
ul,ol { list-style:none }
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,code { font-size:1em; }
ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,body,html,p,blockquote,fieldset,input
{ margin:0; padding:0 }
a img,:link img,:visited img { border:none }
address { font-style:normal }
html, body, form, fieldset {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
font: 100%/120% Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, pre,
blockquote, ul, ol, dl, address {
margin: 1em 0;
padding: 0;
}
li, dd, blockquote {
margin-left: 1em;
}
form label {
cursor: pointer;
}
fieldset {
border: none;
}
input, select, textarea {
font-size: 100%;
font-family: inherit;
}
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: none;
}
html {
font: 62.5% “Lucida Grande”, Lucida, Verdana, sans-serif;
text-shadow: #000 0px 0px 0px;
}
ul {
list-style: none;
list-style-type: none;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, pre,
blockquote, ul, ol, dl, address {
font-weight: normal;
margin: 0 0 1em 0;
}
cite, em, dfn {
font-style: italic;
}
sup {
position: relative;
bottom: 0.3em;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
sub {
position: relative;
bottom: -0.2em;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
li, dd, blockquote {
margin-left: 1em;
}
code, kbd, samp, pre, tt, var, input[type=‘text‘], textarea {
font-size: 100%;
font-family: monaco, “Lucida Console”, courier, mono-space;
}
del {
text-decoration: line-through;
}
ins, dfn {
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
}
small, sup, sub {
font-size: 85%;
}
abbr, acronym {
text-transform: uppercase;
font-size: 85%;
letter-spacing: .1em;
border-bottom-style: dotted;
border-bottom-width: 1px;
}
a abbr, a acronym {
border: none;
}
sup {
vertical-align: super;
}
sub {
vertical-align: sub;
}
h1 {
font-size: 2em;
}
h2 {
font-size: 1.8em;
}
h3 {
font-size: 1.6em;
}
h4 {
font-size: 1.4em;
}
h5 {
font-size: 1.2em;
}
h6 {
font-size: 1em;
}
a, a:link, a:visited, a:hover, a:active {
outline: 0;
text-decoration: none;
}
a img {
border: none;
text-decoration: none;
}
img {
border: none;
text-decoration: none;
}
label, button {
cursor: pointer;
}
input:focus, select:focus, textarea:focus {
}
fieldset {
border: none;
}
.clear {
clear: both;
}
.float-left {
float: left;
}
.float-right {
float: right;
}
body {
text-align: center;
}
#wrapper {
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: left;
}
html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p,
blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big,
cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img,
ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike,
strong, sub, sup, tt, var, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
center, u, b, i {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
outline: 0;
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
font-size: 100%;
font-family: inherit;
vertical-align: baseline
}
body {
line-height: 1
}
:focus {
outline: 0
}
ol, ul {
list-style: none
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0
}
blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after {
content: “”
}
blockquote, q {
quotes: “” “”
}
input, textarea {
margin: 0;
padding: 0
}
hr {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
color: #000;
height: 1px
}
html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3,
h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address,
big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot,
thead, tr, th, td {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
outline: 0;
font-weight: inherit;
font-style: inherit;
font-size: 100%;
font-family: inherit;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
:focus {
outline: 0;
}
table {
border-collapse: separate;
border-spacing: 0;
}
caption, th, td {
text-align: left;
font-weight: normal;
}
a img, iframe {
border: none;
}
ol, ul {
list-style: none;
}
input, textarea, select, button {
font-size: 100%;
font-family: inherit;
}
select {
margin: inherit;
}
/* Fixes incorrect placement of numbers in ol’s in IE6/7 */
ol { margin-left:2em; }
/* == clearfix == */
.clearfix:after {
content: “.”;
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
}
.clearfix {display: inline-block;}
* html .clearfix {height: 1%;}
.clearfix {display: block;}
好了,CSS重设目前先总结到这里,这15套重设方法其实都是有共同点的,也许有的实现方法不同,但大部分都是同一个目的,就是为了让更多的浏览器能显示同样的效果。有了这些CSS重设作为资料和参考,也许会对你的工作有所帮助甚至提高效率,但是,毕竟这些重设都是别人写的,你完全也可以为自己量身定制一套CSS重设。
HTML,DIV+CSS,js,JQ,UI-WEB前端设计经验
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/yangheng/p/5701228.html