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问题:想根据一个或多个字典中的值来对列表排序
解决方案:利用operator模块中的itemgetter()函数对这类结构进行排序是非常简单的。
# Sort a list of a dicts on a common key rows = [ {‘fname‘: ‘Brian‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Jones‘, ‘uid‘: 1003}, {‘fname‘: ‘David‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Beazley‘, ‘uid‘: 1002}, {‘fname‘: ‘John‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Cleese‘, ‘uid‘: 1001}, {‘fname‘: ‘Big‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Jones‘, ‘uid‘: 1004} ] from operator import itemgetter rows_by_fname = sorted(rows, key=itemgetter(‘fname‘)) rows_by_uid = sorted(rows, key=itemgetter(‘uid‘)) from pprint import pprint print("Sorted by fname:") pprint(rows_by_fname) #pprint模块的pprint()提供了打印出任何python数据结构类和方法。 print("Sorted by uid:") pprint(rows_by_uid) rows_by_lfname = sorted(rows, key=itemgetter(‘lname‘,‘fname‘)) print("Sorted by lname,fname:") pprint(rows_by_lfname)
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================ >>> Sorted by fname: [{‘fname‘: ‘Big‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Jones‘, ‘uid‘: 1004}, {‘fname‘: ‘Brian‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Jones‘, ‘uid‘: 1003}, {‘fname‘: ‘David‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Beazley‘, ‘uid‘: 1002}, {‘fname‘: ‘John‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Cleese‘, ‘uid‘: 1001}] Sorted by uid: [{‘fname‘: ‘John‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Cleese‘, ‘uid‘: 1001}, {‘fname‘: ‘David‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Beazley‘, ‘uid‘: 1002}, {‘fname‘: ‘Brian‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Jones‘, ‘uid‘: 1003}, {‘fname‘: ‘Big‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Jones‘, ‘uid‘: 1004}] Sorted by lname,fname: [{‘fname‘: ‘David‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Beazley‘, ‘uid‘: 1002}, {‘fname‘: ‘John‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Cleese‘, ‘uid‘: 1001}, {‘fname‘: ‘Big‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Jones‘, ‘uid‘: 1004}, {‘fname‘: ‘Brian‘, ‘lname‘: ‘Jones‘, ‘uid‘: 1003}] >>>
补充说明:
有时候会利用lambda表达式来取代itemgetter()的功能:但是利用itemgetter()会运行的更快一些,所以考虑性能的话,应该使用itemgetter()。
rows_by_fname = sorted(rows, key=lambda r:r[‘fname‘]) rows_by_uid = sorted(rows, key=lambda r:r[‘uid‘])
最后,本节展示的技术同样适用于min()和max()这样的函数:
>>> min(rows, key=itemgetter(‘uid‘)) {‘lname‘: ‘Cleese‘, ‘fname‘: ‘John‘, ‘uid‘: 1001} >>> max(rows, key=itemgetter(‘uid‘)) {‘lname‘: ‘Jones‘, ‘fname‘: ‘Big‘, ‘uid‘: 1004} >>> itemgetter(‘uid‘)
<operator.itemgetter object at 0x023532F0>
>>>
【python cookbook】【数据结构与算法】13.通过公共键对字典列表排序
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/apple2016/p/5747116.html