两台安装好的MySQL 5.5的数据库。以Master与Slave区分
Master：
IP地址（172.16.1.210）：
[root@Qinglin-A /]# ifconfig eth0 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:B4:0A:5D inet addr:192.168.1.210 Bcast:172.16.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
MySQL版本：
[root@Qinglin-A /]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.32, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
Slave：
IP地址（172.16.1.220）：
[root@Qinglin-B /]# ifconfig eth0 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:0E:20:1D inet addr:192.168.1.220 Bcast:172.16.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
MySQL版本：
[root@Qinglin-B /]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.32, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
MySQL 主从同步都是异步的复制方式，即不是严格实时同步的数据同步。
实战前必须知道的知识
a. 主从复制是异步的，逻辑的SQL语句级的复制。
b. 同步时，主库有一个IO线程，从库有两个线程，IO和SQL线程。
c. 实现主从复制的必要条件，主库要开启binlog功能。
1、Master开启binlog，并设置server-id
注：server id 是避免不同机器或实列ID重复，选择0<server-id
[root@Qinglin-A /]# vim /etc/my.cnf server-id = 1 log-bin=mysql-bin [root@Qinglin-A /]# egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf server-id = 1 log-bin=mysql-bin
2、Slave设置server-id
注：Slave的binlog是不开启的，如果开启那就是双主同步，性能很一般。
[root@Qinglin-B /]# vim /etc/my.cnf server-id = 3 [root@Qinglin-B /]# egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf server-id = 3 #log-bin=mysql-bin
3、Master和Slave同步重启mysql
[root@Qinglin-A /]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@Qinglin-B /]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
4、Master效验bin-log与server-id
注：slave只需要查看server-id就可以
mysql> show variables like "log_bin"; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like "server_id"; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | server_id | 1 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5、master创建并授权网段访问的从库个帐户，使slave可以访问master
下列为创建Slave用户，刷新权限，并查看用户权限。
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘rep‘@‘192.168.1.%‘ identified by‘123456‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for rep@‘192.168.1.%‘; +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for rep@192.168.1.% | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ‘rep‘@‘192.168.1.%‘ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9‘ | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6、记录Master的binlog位置与点，请切记下列标黄处，后期会用到。
mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 332 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
7、锁表备份Master的所有数据库
-A 备份全部数据库
-B 导出几个数据库
-F –flush-logs 开始导出之前刷新日志 注意：假如一次导出多个数据库(使用选项–databases或者–all-databases)，将会逐个数据库刷新日志
-x 锁表，保证数据的一致性
–events 导出事件
–master-data=2 如果=2就生成就是注释，不执行。
[root@Qinglin-A /]# mysqldump -uroot -p‘123456‘ --events -A -B -F --master-data=2 -x |gzip >/home/bak_`date +%F`.sql.gz [root@Qinglin-A /]# ll /home/bak_2016-08-02.sql.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144365 Aug 2 15:16 /home/bak_2016-08-02.sql.gz
8、slave恢复数据库，因为我加大B参数，所以不需要指定库恢复
注：从master的备份文件到slave可以考虑用scp传到slave中，这里不做演示。
[root@Qinglin-B guanqinglin]# gzip -d bak_2016-08-02.sql.gz [root@Qinglin-B guanqinglin]# ls bak_2016-08-02.sql [root@Qinglin-B guanqinglin]# mysql -uroot -p123456
9、导入slave的master信息（slave操作）
操作前，请使用如下方法测试一下，用户和远程登陆是否OK，执行如下命令，登录到那mysq>界面为成功。
[root@Qinglin-B /]# mysql -h 192.168.1.210 -urep -p123456 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql>
退出上面执行的mysql 界面，重新使用root登录Slaver的mysql界面执行导入Master信息操作。
[root@Qinglin-B /]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.5.32 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.1.210‘, -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_USER=‘rep‘, -> MASTER_PASSWORD=‘123456‘, -> MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000001‘, -> MASTER_LOG_POS=332; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
10、slave查看master info信息
[root@Qinglin-B /]# cat /application/mysql/data/master.info 18 mysql-bin.000001 332 192.168.1.210 rep 123456 3306 60 0 0 1800.000 0
11、slave开启slave开启
[root@Qinglin-B /]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.5.32 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
12、检查，有两个标黄的OK，则是正常启动（Seconds_Behind_Master 0 是落后主库的秒数，0是正确）
mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.210 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107 Relay_Log_File: Qinglin-B-relay-bin.000004 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107 Relay_Log_Space: 456 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1、Master创建一个数据库
mysql> create database qinglin; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
2、slave 查看从库relay文件中是否存在主库创建的create数据库qinglin
注：下列是截取的内容
[root@Qinglin-B data]# mysqlbinlog Qinglin-B-relay-bin.000004 SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; create database qinglin /*!*/; DELIMITER ;
3、检查salve是否已经创建了一个数据库
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | qinglin | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
本文出自 “管清麟个人博客” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://qinglin.blog.51cto.com/2774434/1836706
原文地址：http://qinglin.blog.51cto.com/2774434/1836706
