第一章实验(一):搭建web服务器
1.使用母盘链接克隆虚拟机并修改ip等基本参数:
克隆虚拟机,命名为web服务器,修改如下:
ip a ##查看MAC地址
[root@www ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 ##确保MAC地址与eth1一致
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=00:0C:29:88:f9:43
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.100.150
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.100.100
DNS1=192.168.100.100
:wq
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules ##删除eth0行,并将eth1改为eth0
[root@www ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network ##设置主机的FQDN
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=www.linuxfan.cn
:wq
[root@www ~]# reboot
登录到192.168.100.100上添加主机的dns解析:
[root@ns ~]# vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/linuxfan.cn.zone
www IN A 192.168.100.150
:wq
[root@ns ~]# vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/192.168.100.arpa
150 IN PTR www.linuxfan.cn.
:wq
/etc/init.d/named restart
[root@ns ~]# nslookup
> server 192.168.100.100
Default server: 192.168.100.100
Address: 192.168.100.100#53
> www.linuxfan.cn
Server: 192.168.100.100
Address: 192.168.100.100#53
Name: www.linuxfan.cn
Address: 192.168.100.150
> exit
[root@ns ~]#
2.下载软件并安装:登录192.168.100.100
1)下载httpd
[root@www ~]# lftp ftp.linuxfan.cn
lftp ftp.linuxfan.cn:~> cd tools/
lftp ftp.linuxfan.cn:/tools> get httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz
6597991 bytes transferred
lftp ftp.linuxfan.cn:/tools> bye
[root@www ~]# ls httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz
httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz
2)解压并安装:
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
yum -y install openssl-devel ##安装openssl-devel提供https的支持
[root@www ~]# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@www ~]# cd /usr/src/httpd-2.2.17/
[root@www httpd-2.2.17]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-cgi --enable-ssl && make &&make install
[root@www httpd-2.2.17]# echo $? ##返回0为成功
0
[root@www httpd-2.2.17]# ls /usr/local/httpd/ ##安装成功
bin cgi-bin error icons lib man modules
build conf htdocs include logs manual
3.安装后优化和调整:
[root@www httpd]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ ##优化执行命令的路径
[root@www httpd]# cp /usr/local/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
[root@www httpd]# vim /etc/init.d/httpd ##在开始位置修改bash和添加chkconfig和description;修改第82行实现执行命令时友好提示
#!/bin/bash ##声明shell为bash
# chkconfig: 35 85 15 ##在3和5运行级别开机启动,开机启动顺序为85,关机关闭顺序为15
# description: A Scripts for apache httpd deamon!
$HTTPD -k $ARGV &&echo "httpd is $ARGV complete." ##第82行
:wq
[root@www httpd]# ls -l /etc/init.d/httpd ##确认文件有执行权限,如果没有使用命令“chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd”授权
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3496 1月 1 02:59 /etc/init.d/httpd
[root@www httpd]# chkconfig --add httpd
[root@www httpd]# chkconfig --list httpd
httpd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:启用 4:关闭 5:启用 6:关闭
4.修改配置文件并启动服务:
[root@www httpd]# vim /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
:set nu ##打印出行号
88 ServerAdmin admin@linuxfan.cn ##修改管理员的邮箱
98 ServerName www.linuxfan.cn:80 ##添加网站的FQDN
:wq
[root@www httpd]# /etc/init.d/httpd start ##启动服务
httpd is start complete.
[root@www httpd]# ps aux |grep httpd ##查看进程
root 73341 0.0 0.5 54808 2520 ? Ss 03:21 0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 73342 0.0 0.4 54944 2000 ? S 03:21 0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 73343 0.0 0.4 54944 2000 ? S 03:21 0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 73344 0.0 0.4 54944 2000 ? S 03:21 0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 73345 0.0 0.4 54944 2000 ? S 03:21 0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
daemon 73346 0.0 0.4 54944 2000 ? S 03:21 0:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
[root@www httpd]# netstat -utpln |grep httpd ##查看监听
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 73341/httpd
5.访问并测试:
[root@ns ~]# yum -y install elinks ##在192.168.100.100上进行测试
[root@ns ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
; generated by /sbin/dhclient-script
nameserver 192.168.100.100 ##添加DNS服务器
nameserver 192.168.1.1 ##不必修改,此dns服务器为桥接网卡自动获取的dns服务器目的是能上公网
[root@ns ~]# elinks --dump http://www.linuxfan.cn ##成功完成实验
It works!
windows主机上使用IE或者chrome(谷歌),firefox(火狐)等浏览器访问:
原文地址:http://liuqicheng.blog.51cto.com/11714445/1841916