Windows环境Mycat数据库分库分表中间件部署

下载地址MYCAT官方网站

jdk安装配置

1. 首先去oracle官网下载并安装jdk8,添加环境变量，JAVA_HOME设置为D:\Worksoftware\Java\jdk1.8
2. CLASSPATH设置为.;%JAVA_HOME%\lib;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar
3. path系统变量追加%JAVA_HOME%\bin;

Mycat安装配置

1. 首先添加Windows环境变量，MYCAT_HOME设置为安装目录E:\WorkSoftWare\MycatServer1.5

2. 为了降低资源占用，mycat的jvm设置在startup_nowrap.bat，打开后可以清楚看到如下配置：
   “%JAVA_CMD%” -server -Xms1G -Xmx2G -XX:MaxPermSize=64M -XX:+AggressiveOpts -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=1G -DMYCAT_HOME=%MYCAT_HOME% -cp “..\conf;..\lib*” io.mycat.MycatStartup
   这里将-Xms1G改成-Xms512M，-Xmx2G改成-Xmx1024M，保存后重新启动即可.

3. wrapper.conf文件里的改成wrapper.java.command=E:\WorkSoftWare\jdk1.8\bin\java.exe

Mycat启动的配置

schema.xml配置文件，如果分库在不同的服务器，可以配置两个datahost；如果在一个datahost中配置多个writeHost，则为主从配置。type=”global”时，为全局表

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://org.opencloudb/" >

<!--在这一行参数里面,schema name定义了可以在MyCAT前端显示的逻辑数据库的名字,checkSQLschema这个参数为False的时候,表明MyCAT会自动忽略掉表名前的数据库名,比如说mydatabase1.test1,会被当做test1;sqlMaxLimit指定了SQL语句返回的行数限制-->
    <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">
        <!-- 主键范围规则 -->
        <!-- 这一行代表在MyCAT前端会显示哪些表名,类似几行都代表一样的意思,这里强调的是表,而MyCAT并不会在配置文件里面定义表结构，如果在前端使用show create table ,MyCAT会显示正常的表结构信息,观察Debug日志,可以看到,MyCAT把命令分发给了dn1代表的数据库,然后把dn1的查询结果返回给了前端 可以判断,类似的数据库级别的一些查询指令,有可能是单独分发给某个节点,然后再把某个节点的信息返回给前端。
        dataNode的意义很简单,这个逻辑表的数据存储在后端的哪几个数据库里面rule代表的是这个逻辑表students的具体切分策略,目前MyCAT只支持按照某一个特殊列,遵循一些特殊的规则来切分,如取模,枚举等,具体的留给之后细说                  
            --> 
        <table name="travelrecord" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3" rule="auto-sharding-long" />

        <table name="company" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn3,dn2,dn1" rule="mod-long"/>
        <table name="goods" primaryKey="ID" type="global" dataNode="dn1,dn2" />
        <!--求模分片随机规则 -->
        <table name="hotnews" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3"
            rule="mod-long" />

        <table name="employee" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn1,dn2"
            rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
        <table name="customer" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn1,dn2"
            rule="sharding-by-intfile">
             <!-- 
                childtable我在测试中并没有实际用起来不过在MyCAT的设计文档里面有提到，childtable是一种依赖于父表的结构，
                这意味着，childtable的joinkey会按照父表的parentKey的策略一起切分，当父表与子表进行连接，
                且连接条件是childtable.joinKey=parenttable.parentKey时,不会进行跨库的连接.
                --> 
            <childTable name="orders" primaryKey="ID" joinKey="customer_id"
                parentKey="id">
                <childTable name="order_items" joinKey="order_id"
                    parentKey="id" />
            </childTable>
            <childTable name="customer_addr" primaryKey="ID" joinKey="customer_id"
                parentKey="id" />
        </table>

        <!-- 全局表是自动克隆到所有定义的数据节点，这样可以与拆分节点的任何表连接查询，是在同一个数据节点-->
        <table name="news_table" primaryKey="ID" type="global" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3" />
    </schema>

    <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="mycatDB1" />
    <dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="localhost1" database="mycatDB2" />
    <dataNode name="dn3" dataHost="localhost1" database="mycatDB3" />

    <!--
          dataHost配置的是实际的后端数据库集群,大部分参数简单易懂,这里就不一个个介绍了,只介绍比较重要的两个参数,writeType和balance.
         --> 
        <!-- writeType和balance是用来控制后端集群的读写分离的关键参数，这里我用了双主双从的集群配置
            这里的测试过程比较麻烦，所以直接贴结论：
           1.balance=0时,读操作都在localhost上(localhost失败时,后端直接失败)
           2.balance=1时,读操作会随机分散在localhost1和两个readhost上面(localhost失败时,写操作会在localhost1,如果localhost1再失败,则无法进行写操作)
           3.balance=2时,写操作会在localhost上，读操作会随机分散在localhost1,localhost1和两个readhost上面(同上)
           4.writeType=0时,写操作会在localhost上,如果localhost失败,会自动切换到localhost1,localhost恢复以后并不会切换回localhost进行写操作
           5.writeType=1时,写操作会随机分布在localhost和localhost1上,单点失败并不会影响集群的写操作,但是后端的从库会无法从挂掉的主库获取更新,会在读数据的时候出现数据不一致
           举例:localhost失败了,写操作会在localhost1上面进行,localhost1的主从正常运行,但是localhost的从库无法从localhost获取更新,localhost的从库于其他库出现数据不一致
         --> 
    <dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0"
        writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"  slaveThreshold="100">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
        <!-- can have multi write hosts -->
        <writeHost host="hostM1" url="localhost:3306" user="root"
            password="123456">
            <!-- can have multi read hosts -->
            <!--<readHost host="hostS2" url="192.168.1.200:3306" user="root" password="xxx" />-->
        </writeHost>
    </dataHost>

</mycat:schema>

server.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
    - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You 
    may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
    - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT 
    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the 
    License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
    under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://org.opencloudb/">
    <system>
    <property name="defaultSqlParser">druidparser</property>
      <!--  <property name="useCompression">1</property>--> <!--1为开启mysql压缩协议-->
    <!-- <property name="processorBufferChunk">40960</property> -->
    <!-- 
    <property name="processors">1</property> 
    <property name="processorExecutor">32</property> 
     -->
        <!--默认是65535 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度 -->
        <!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>-->
        <!--<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>-->
        <!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
        <!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
        <!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>-->
        <!-- 
            <property name="mutiNodeLimitType">1</property> 0：开启小数量级（默认） ；1：开启亿级数据排序
            <property name="mutiNodePatchSize">100</property> 亿级数量排序批量
            <property name="processors">32</property> <property name="processorExecutor">32</property> 
            <property name="serverPort">8066</property> <property name="managerPort">9066</property> 
            <property name="idleTimeout">300000</property> <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property> 
            <property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property> <property name="processors">32</property> -->
    </system>
    <user name="test"><!--用户名-->
        <property name="password">test</property><!--密码-->
         <!--实例名，和schema.xml定义的schema对应，这里的实例名是虚拟名，也就是对mycat服务的一种别名，是应用程序以及客户端连接的入口。-->
        <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
    </user>

    <user name="user">
        <property name="password">user</property>
        <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
        <property name="readOnly">true</property>
    </user>
    <!-- 
    <quarantine> 
       <whitehost>
          <host host="127.0.0.1" user="mycat"/>
          <host host="127.0.0.2" user="mycat"/>
       </whitehost>
       <blacklist check="false"></blacklist>
    </quarantine>
    -->

</mycat:server>

rule.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
    - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You 
    may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
    - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT 
    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the 
    License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
    under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://org.opencloudb/">
    <tableRule name="rule1">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>func1</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="rule2">
        <rule>
            <columns>user_id</columns>
            <algorithm>func1</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
        <rule>
            <columns>sharding_id</columns>
            <algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="mod-long">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>mod-long</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="sharding-by-murmur">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>murmur</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="sharding-by-month">
        <rule>
            <columns>create_date</columns>
            <algorithm>partbymonth</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="latest-month-calldate">
        <rule>
            <columns>calldate</columns>
            <algorithm>latestMonth</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="auto-sharding-rang-mod">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>rang-mod</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="jch">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>jump-consistent-hash</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <function name="murmur"
        class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByMurmurHash">
        <property name="seed">0</property><!-- 默认是0 -->
        <property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量，必须指定，否则没法分片 -->
        <property name="virtualBucketTimes">160</property><!-- 一个实际的数据库节点被映射为这么多虚拟节点，默认是160倍，也就是虚拟节点数是物理节点数的160倍 -->
        <!-- <property name="weightMapFile">weightMapFile</property> 节点的权重，没有指定权重的节点默认是1。以properties文件的格式填写，以从0开始到count-1的整数值也就是节点索引为key，以节点权重值为值。所有权重值必须是正整数，否则以1代替 -->
        <!-- <property name="bucketMapPath">/etc/mycat/bucketMapPath</property> 
            用于测试时观察各物理节点与虚拟节点的分布情况，如果指定了这个属性，会把虚拟节点的murmur hash值与物理节点的映射按行输出到这个文件，没有默认值，如果不指定，就不会输出任何东西 -->
    </function>
    <function name="hash-int"
        class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
        <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
    </function>
    <function name="rang-long"
        class="org.opencloudb.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
        <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
    </function>
    <function name="mod-long" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByMod">
        <!-- how many data nodes -->
        <property name="count">3</property>
    </function>

    <function name="func1" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByLong">
        <property name="partitionCount">8</property>
        <property name="partitionLength">128</property>
    </function>
    <function name="latestMonth"
        class="org.opencloudb.route.function.LatestMonthPartion">
        <property name="splitOneDay">24</property>
    </function>
    <function name="partbymonth"
        class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByMonth">
        <property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property>
        <property name="sBeginDate">2015-01-01</property>
    </function>

    <function name="rang-mod" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByRangeMod">
            <property name="mapFile">partition-range-mod.txt</property>
    </function>

    <function name="jump-consistent-hash" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByJumpConsistentHash">
        <property name="totalBuckets">3</property>
    </function>
</mycat:rule>

Mycat连接mysql示例

cmd命令运行:

结果:

Mycat连接mysql结果

上图上面的mycatdb1,mycatdb2,mycatdb3数据库是真实物理数据库，TESTDB是中间件逻辑数据库，此时已经所有工作都准备好。