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现在主流的Web MVC框架除了Struts这个主力 外,其次就是Spring MVC了,因此这也是作为一名程序员需要掌握的主流框架,框架选择多了,应对多变的需求和业务时,可实行的方案自然就多了。不过要想灵活运用Spring MVC来应对大多数的Web开发,就必须要掌握它的配置及原理。
一、Spring MVC环境搭建:(Spring 2.5.6 + Hibernate 3.2.0)
1. jar包引入
Spring 2.5.6:spring.jar、spring-webmvc.jar、commons-logging.jar、cglib-nodep-2.1_3.jar
Hibernate 3.6.8:hibernate3.jar、hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar、antlr-2.7.6.jar、commons-collections-3.1、dom4j-1.6.1.jar、javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar、jta-1.1.jar、slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar、slf4j-nop-1.6.4.jar、相应数据库的驱动jar包
2. web.xml配置(部分)
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<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> |
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<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> |
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<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> |
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<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> |
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<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> |
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<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> |
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<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> |
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<param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value> |
3. spring-servlet.xml配置
spring-servlet这个名字是因为上面web.xml中<servlet-name>标签配的值为spring(<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>),再加上“-servlet”后缀而形成的spring-servlet.xml文件名,如果改为springMVC,对应的文件名则为springMVC-servlet.xml。
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" |
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xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" |
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd |
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd |
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd |
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context <a href="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd</a>"> |
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<context:annotation-config /> |
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<context:component-scan base-package="controller"></context:component-scan> |
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<beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/> |
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<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"p:prefix="/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" /> |
4. applicationContext.xml配置
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" |
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xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" |
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xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" |
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd |
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd |
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> |
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<bean id="sessionFactory"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> |
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<property name="configLocation"> |
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<value>classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml</value> |
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<bean id="transactionManager"class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> |
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<property name="sessionFactory"> |
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<ref local="sessionFactory"/> |
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<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"proxy-target-class="true"/> |
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<bean id="loginService" class="service.LoginService"></bean> |
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<bean id="hibernateDao" class="dao.HibernateDao"> |
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<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> |
二、详解
Spring MVC与Struts从原理上很相似(都是基于MVC架构),都有一个控制页面请求的Servlet,处理完后跳转页面。看如下代码(注解):
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; |
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; |
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; |
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; |
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public class TestController { |
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@RequestMapping("test/login.do") |
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publicString testLogin(@RequestParam(value="username")String username, String password, HttpServletRequest request) { |
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if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password)) { |
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return "loginSuccess"; |
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@RequestMapping("/test/login2.do") |
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public ModelAndView testLogin2(String username, String password, int age){ |
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if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) { |
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return newModelAndView("loginError"); |
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return new ModelAndView(newRedirectView("../index.jsp")); |
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@RequestMapping("/test/login3.do") |
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public ModelAndView testLogin3(User user) { |
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String username = user.getUsername(); |
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String password = user.getPassword(); |
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int age = user.getAge(); |
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if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) { |
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return new ModelAndView("loginError"); |
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return new ModelAndView("loginSuccess"); |
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@Resource(name = "loginService") |
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privateLoginService loginService; |
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@RequestMapping("/test/login4.do") |
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public String testLogin4(User user) { |
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if (loginService.login(user) == false) { |
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return "loginSuccess"; |
以上4个方法示例,是一个Controller里含有不同的请求url,也可以采用一个url访问,通过url参数来区分访问不同的方法,代码如下:
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; |
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; |
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; |
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@RequestMapping("/test2/login.do") |
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public class TestController2 { |
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public String testLogin(String username, String password, int age) { |
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if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) { |
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return "loginSuccess"; |
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@RequestMapping(params = "method=1", method=RequestMethod.POST) |
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public String testLogin2(String username, String password) { |
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if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password)) { |
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return "loginSuccess"; |
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@RequestMapping(params = "method=2") |
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public String testLogin3(String username, String password, int age) { |
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if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) { |
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return "loginSuccess"; |
其实RequestMapping在Class上,可看做是父Request请求url,而RequestMapping在方法上的可看做是子Request请求url,父子请求url最终会拼起来与页面请求url进行匹配,因此RequestMapping也可以这么写:
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; |
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; |
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@RequestMapping("/test3/*") |
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public class TestController3 { |
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@RequestMapping("login.do") |
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public String testLogin(String username, String password, int age) { |
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if (!"admin".equals(username) || !"admin".equals(password) || age < 5) { |
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return "loginSuccess"; |
三、结束语
掌握以上这些Spring MVC就已经有了很好的基础了,几乎可应对与任何开发,在熟练掌握这些后,便可更深层次的灵活运用的技术,如多种视图技术,例如 Jsp、Velocity、Tiles、iText 和 POI。Spring MVC框架并不知道使用的视图,所以不会强迫您只使用 JSP 技术。
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/6983027
Spring MVC 框架搭建及详解,布布扣,bubuko.com
Spring MVC 框架搭建及详解
标签:style blog http color java 使用 os io
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/daming-mzm/p/3904056.html